1966年发表的《词与物——人文知识的考古学》（Les Mots et les Choses. Une archéologie des sciences humaines，英译《事物与秩序》The Order of Things），更是被认为是结构主义时代取代存在主义时代的重要标志。它主要的论点在于：认为每个历史阶段都有一套异于前期的知识形构规则，而现代知识型的特征则是以 “人”作为研究的中心。这本书的问世使福柯成为一位知名的法国知识分子，但也因为“人之死”的结论而饱受批评。让·保罗·萨特就曾基于此点批判此书为小资产阶级的最后壁垒。
福柯在本书中运用历史话语分析（又称“知识考古学”）的手法对自文艺复兴以来直至20世纪的整个西方“人文科学”（Humanwissenschaften）的知识构成以及文化和知识史都作了细致入微的、富有创见和深度的梳理和剖析。他指出这里的人文科学指的是将“人”作为研究对象，将“人”设计并定义成某种认知构造物的科学，围绕这个对象而生产的人文科学，可被认可为真理话语。针对此“真理话语”，福柯试图从根本上驱除笼罩在当代知识形式的决定性条件之上的人类学主体主义的迷雾，批判了自笛卡尔、尤其自康德以来200多年西方哲学传统的先验意识哲学和主体主义。在《语与物》的最后一页，福柯写道：“人将被抹去，如同大海边沙地上的一张脸。”

When one defines order as a sorting of priorities, it becomes beautifully clear as to what Foucault is doing here. With virtuoso showmanship, he weaves an intensely complex history of thought. He dips into literature, art, economics and even biology in The Order of Things, possibly one of the most significant, yet most overlooked, works of the twentieth century. Eclipsed by his later work on power and discourse, nonetheless it was The Order of Things that established Foucault's reputation as an intellectual giant. Pirouetting around the outer edge of language, Foucault unsettles the surface of literary writing. In describing the limitations of our usual taxonomies, he opens the door onto a whole new system of thought, one ripe with what he calls exotic charm. Intellectual pyrotechnics from the master of critical thinking, this book is crucial reading for those who wish to gain insight into that odd beast called Postmodernism, and a must for any fan of Foucault.

Michel Foucault has become famous for a series of books that have permanently altered our understanding of many institutions of Western society. He analyzed mental institutions in the remarkable Madness and Civilization; hospitals in The Birth of the Clinic; prisons in Discipline and Punish; and schools and families in The History of Sexuality. But the general reader as well as the specialist is apt to miss the consistent purposes that lay behind these difficult individual studies, thus losing sight of the broad social vision and political aims that unified them.
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Now, in this superb set of essays and interviews, Foucault has provided a much-needed guide to Foucault. These pieces, ranging over the entire spectrum of his concerns, enabled Foucault, in his most intimate and accessible voice, to interpret the conclusions of his research in each area and to demonstrate the contribution of each to the magnificent -- and terrifying -- portrait of society that he was patiently compiling.
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For, as Foucault shows, what he was always describing was the nature of power in society; not the conventional treatment of power that concentrates on powerful individuals and repressive institutions, but the much more pervasive and insidious mechanisms by which power "reaches into the very grain of individuals, touches their bodies and inserts itself into their actions and attitudes, their discourses, learning processes and everyday lives"
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Foucault's investigations of prisons, schools, barracks, hospitals, factories, cities, lodgings, families, and other organized forms of social life are each a segment of one of the most astonishing intellectual enterprises of all time -- and, as this book proves, one which possesses profound implications for understanding the social control of our bodies and our minds.
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Annotation
Focault interprets his writtings about sexuality, politics and punishment.

《对活人的治理》这门课程像一个接合点。一方面，它延续了贯穿于福柯法兰西学院所有课程中的对真理机制的研究；另一方面，它又标志着一个重大拐点的出现：在之前的课程中，福柯对真理机制的研究起初聚焦于法律和司法领域，然后转到政治领域（知识—权力、治理性等主题），但是从这门课开始，研究进入到了自我的实践与技术领域，也就是福柯之后再也没离开过的伦理学领域。
在西方基督教文化中，对人的治理除了要求被指导的人采取服从和顺从的行为之外，还要求他们采取“真理行为”。这种行为具有特殊性：它不仅要求主体说真话，而且要求主体说出关于他自身、他的过错、他的欲望、他的灵魂的所有真相。那么，这一切是如何发生的？
在本书中，这个问题引导着福柯首先重新解读索福克勒斯的《俄狄浦斯王》，接着分析了早期基督教中的“真理行为”，即洗礼、悔改和良心指导等实践活动。从悔改仪式中公开展示自己作为罪人的状况，到良心检查中巨细无遗地说出自己最私密的想法，福柯让我们看到的是以坦白为核心的牧权的组织结构。

本书是米歇尔•福柯在法兰西学院讲授的第二门课程。本课程延续了对知识意志的探讨，仍以法律和司法制度为基础作研究。继“尺度”之后，福柯以对于整个中世纪的制度的研究为基础，引入“讯问”的主题。该课程的目标在于：司法作为国家镇压机器产生，确立镇压体系，它的作用不再是像在中世纪一样保障财富的流通，而是通过对人民的隔离来达到制度的目的。惩罚变为监禁。在司法经济学中发生了改变，即从对财产的征收过渡到对人的隔离，同时指出知识—权力关系的模式，该模式构成中世纪司法制度的特点。《刑事理论与刑事制度》是福柯隔离“权力”问题之地，一方面是通过大法官塞吉埃对赤脚汉骚乱的镇压的戏剧化的分析，另一方面是对从日耳曼法到现代性的开端之间的法律和司法制度的经济与认识论功能的分析。本课程对于司法制度作为权力行使之地提出了惊人的观点：镇压中的权力、权力与战争、权力与财产流通、权力—知识。这与法律的问题完全不同。司法处于权力分析的核心：权力关系在司法实践的核心相互联结、互相衔接：一方面是关于经济关系，另一方面是关于知识的形成。

-编辑推荐-
☆福柯晚期讲座集第三本，拜德雅持续增量中！☆
○ 深化自我解释学研究——
接续1980年秋在加州大学伯克利分校和达特茅斯学院所作演讲（收录于拜德雅出品《自我解释学的起源》一书），福柯在多伦多系列演讲中继续深化了对自我解释学的研究：对整个古代自我文化和在早期修道团体中出现的基督教自我解释学进行了透彻比较。
● 处于福柯思想三次重大转变的交汇点——
主体谱系学、主体和真相的关系以及对古希腊—罗马的持续兴趣，贯穿于多伦多系列演讲始终。这次演讲介于福柯思想三次重大转变的交汇处，这三次转变发生在1980年代初，至此他的研究被纳入现代西方主体谱系学计划之中。
○ 自我坦白：说出自己的真相——
福柯在此次多伦多的研讨班上，重拾其在《主体解释学》讲课中对“说真话”的探讨，详细分析了“说真话”在古希腊、希腊化时期、罗马时期所具有的不同含义。这与他在性史研究中注意到在西方社会里性方面的禁忌和坦白自己真相的义务这两者之间存在联系是密切相关的。
-内容简介-
本书收录了米歇尔•福柯于1982年5月31日至6月26日在多伦多大学维多利亚学院举行的第三届符号学和结构研究国际暑期研讨班上的五次演讲，以及由他主持的研讨班讲课。
“自我坦白”是这一系列讲座的主题，也是福柯关于“现代西方主体谱系学”研究项目的一部分，他致力于阐明自我解释学的历史形成。在分析了古希腊—罗马时期的“苦行”“修行”实践中所特有的自我认识和自我关系的特殊类型，即主体必须与自己建立一种占有和主权的关系之后，福柯研究了基督教发展的前几个世纪中，在修道院团体里诞生出来的一种自我解释学，这种解释学被认为是主体对其自身内在性的探索和解读。至此，自我解释学在古代和基督教早期发生了一个明显的断裂，为了界定这种断裂，福柯引入了一种前所未有的区分，即两种形式的禁欲主义：一种面向真理，另一种面向实在。
在演讲之余，福柯还在多伦多大学举办了系列研讨班，专门对古代作家的文本进行详细研究，他对古代自我文化的分析正是基于此。在这些研讨班上，他还提到了古代“说真话”概念的不同含义，而这正是他后来作品的重要主题。

本书为法国著名思想家福柯在法兰西学院演讲系列之一，授课时间为1984年，也是福柯在法兰西学院的最后的演讲。三个月后，他离开了人世。在此年度的课程中，福柯的视觉起点是对古希腊的直言概念所做的分析，直言的特点是说话者真实的言语。通过对苏格拉底与犬儒主义的解析，福柯对于直言的分析涉及三个方面：对说真话方式的分析、对治理术的研究和对自我实践的识别。福柯认为，灵魂应当观察自己，它就像一只眼睛，在力图反观自我的时候，不得不通过看另一只眼睛的眼球的反光，来看到自己。这样就开始把自我当成与肉体在本体上分离的现实，形式就是灵魂，它有可能也有伦理上的责任来自我反观，这开启一种说真话和直言的模式，它的功能和目的是把这个灵魂最终重新引领到他们自己的生活方式和世界中。

米歇尔•福柯展示了18世纪的政治经济如何标志着一种新的治理理性的出现——以更少的治理，最大限度地提高效率。他开始分析这种自由主义治理性的各种表现形式，其目的是描述一种政治合理性，在其中，生命和人口的各种具体问题被提出。用福柯的话说：“将自由主义作为生命政治的总体框架来研究。”
自由主义治理术的具体特征是什么？当今世界面临着什么样的治理危机，导致了什么样的自由主义治理的改革？正是为了回应这一诊断任务，福柯研究了20世纪两支自由主义流派——德国的秩序自由主义和芝加哥学派的新自由主义。这是米歇尔•福柯在法兰西学院授课过程中和当代史领域中唯一一次涉及该主题。

An examination of the relation between war and politics, by one of the twentieth century's most influential thinkers

From 1971 until 1984 at the Collège de France, Michel Foucault gave a series of lectures ranging freely and conversationally over the range of his research. In Society Must Be Defended, Foucault deals with the emergence in the early seventeenth century of a new understanding of war as the permanent basis of all institutions of power, a hidden presence within society that could be deciphered by an historical analysis. Tracing this development, Foucault outlines the genealogy of power and knowledge that had become his dominant concern.

HardCover. Pub 2014-03-01 henan university press This book mainly michel foucault my imagination Maurice shaw brown;The outside world thought michel foucault;Theory of friendship Maurice shaw brown. etc.

米歇尔·福柯的《精神病学的权力》课程，既延续了《古典时代疯狂史》中对精神病人与非精神病人的区分的研究，同时也提出了新的研究计划：绘制一个精神病学的谱系、一个它所构成的“权力—知识”形式的谱系。要做到这一点，就不可能从关于精神病的医学知识出发，因为这种知识在实践中是无法操作的。我们只能从皮内尔、夏尔科等精神病学家围绕着精神病治疗所组织的各种权力配置和技术出发，来解释对精神病的验证问题。精神病学的诞生，并不是因为对精神病的认知有了新的进步，而是强加各种惩戒装置的结果。
福柯经常质疑精神病学家话语的虚妄，而这却在当代的司法鉴定中仍然存在。从这个角度来看，《精神病学的权力》仍旧继续着人文“科学”考古学的计划。
19世纪末，在神经科医生和精神分析师之间散布着对疯癫的双重的“去精神病化”。课程的内容终止于此。但米歇尔·福柯所撰写的课程概要，包含了他没有时间在这门课上要阐发的精华。因而甚至可以说，《精神病学的权力》提出了一个成为“1960年代”标志的反精神病学运动的谱系。

In this brilliant work, the most influential philosopher since Sartre suggests that such vaunted reforms as the abolition of torture and the emergence of the modern penitentiary have merely shifted the focus of punishment from the prisoner's body to his soul.

In the eighteenth century, medicine underwent a mutation. For the first time, medical knowledge took on a precision that had formerly belonged only to mathematics. The body became something that could be mapped. Disease became subject to new rules of classification. And doctors begin to describe phenomena that for centuries had remained below the threshold of the visible and expressible.
In The Birth of the Clinic the philosopher and intellectual historian who may be the true heir to Nietzsche charts this dramatic transformation of medical knowledge. As in his classic Madness and Civilization, Michel Foucault shows how much what we think of as pure science owes to social and cultural attitudes -- in this case, to the climate of the French Revolution. Brilliant, provocative, and omnivorously learned, his book sheds new light on the origins of our current notions of health and sickness, life and death.

This book, which Foucault himself has judged accurate, is the first to provide a sustained, coherent analysis of Foucault's work as a whole.
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To demonstrate the sense in which Foucault's work is beyond structuralism and hermeneutics, the authors unfold a careful, analytical exposition of his oeuvre. They argue that during the of Foucault's work became a sustained and largely successful effort to develop a new method—"interpretative analytics"—capable fo explaining both the logic of structuralism's claim to be an objective science and the apparent validity of the hermeneutical counterclaim that the human sciences can proceed only by understanding the deepest meaning of the subject and his tradition.
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"There are many new secondary sources [on Foucault]. None surpass the book by Hubert Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow. . . . The American paperback edition contains Foucault's 'On the Genealogy of Ethics,' a lucid interview that is now our best source for seeing how he construed the whole project of the history of sexuality."—David Hoy, London Review of Books

- 编辑推荐 -
★米歇尔·福柯：“我认为自己更像是一位实验者，而不是一名理论家。”
★这一事实愈发为时间所证明：福柯非体系、非传统的思想实验是对我们时代卓有成效的检验，如果未能理解福柯，我们甚至不能理解自己的生死爱欲。
★权力（power）、自由（freedom）、主体性（subjectivity），十二位福柯研究专家经由这三大关键概念涉入福柯思想的腹地，全面解析福柯留下的丰富思想遗产，为我们勾勒出理解福柯——理解我们自己的线索。在思想地图的意义上，本书真正做到了深入浅出，给出了深刻而明晰的指引。
★米歇尔·福柯：“据我所信，人类存在的意义之一——人类的自由之源——是绝不接受任何确定无疑、不可触碰、显而易见、稳固不变的东西。现实的任何方面都不应成为束缚我们的权威和非人道的律令。”
- 内容简介 -
权力（power）、自由（freedom）、主体性（subjectivity），十二位福柯研究专家经由这三大关键概念涉入福柯思想的腹地，全面解析福柯留下的丰富思想遗产，为我们勾勒出理解福柯——理解我们自己的线索。在思想地图的意义上，本书真正做到了深入浅出，给出了深刻而明晰的指引。
本书由一篇《导论》和三个部分（共计十二章）组成，辅之以精练的生平年表和详尽的参考文献。
本书重申福柯的现实意义：促使人们去质疑貌似“必然如此”的当下境况，由此而敞开主体存在的丰富可能。在此基础上，本书强调，对“权力”、“自由”和“主体性”这三个环环相扣的概念加以深入思考和再度阐释，将成为建构新的思考和行动方式，进而对种种“支配”与“压抑”加以抵抗的最重要路径。

Michel Foucault was a philosopher of extraordinary talent, political activist, social theorist, cultural critic, and creative historian. He irreversibly shaped the way we think today about such controversial issues as power, sexuality, madness, and criminality. Johanna Oksala explores the conceptual tools that Foucault gave us for constructing new forms of thinking as well as for smashing old certainties. She offers a lucid account of him as a thinker whose persistent aim was to challenge the self-evidence and necessity of our current experiences, practices, and institutions by showing their historical development and, therefore, contingency. Extracts are taken from the whole range of Foucault s writings his books, essays, lectures, and interviews including the major works History of Madness, The Order of Things, Discipline and Punish, and The History of Sexuality.

米歇尔·福柯是20世纪最重要的哲学家之一，也是著名的政治活动家、社会理论家、文化批评家，富有创造性的历史学家。他不可逆转地塑造了我们今天对权力、性态、疯癫和犯罪等争议性问题的思考方式，奠定了多个学科的理论基础。其批判性研究持续启发着诸多学者、艺术家和政治活动家。 在《如何阅读福柯》中，约翰娜·奥克萨拉围绕福柯思想的重要主题，精心挑取十段关键文本，进行详细的解读和分析，提供一系列线索来帮助读者由此前行，对福柯的思想做出自己的发现和理解。

This is a study of Michel Foucault's life in philosophy. Foucault was probably the most influential Western philosopher since Sartre. Hailed as an original thinker, he has also been criticized as a dangerous and irresponsible nihilist. Drawing on extensive research, this book focuses on the philosopher's obsession with death and his taste for sado-masochistic sex. By the author of "Democracy in the Streets".
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Based on extensive new research and a bold interpretation of the man and his texts, The Passion of Michel Foucault is a startling look at one of this century's most influential philosophers. It chronicles every stage of Foucault's personal and professional odyssey, from his early interest in dreams to his final preoccupation with sexuality and the nature of personal identity.