The Genealogical Science analyzes the scientific work and social implications of the flourishing field of genetic history. A biological discipline that relies on genetic data in order to reconstruct the geographic origins of contemporary populations—their histories of migration and genealogical connections to other present-day groups—this historical science is garnering ever more credibility and social reach, in large part due to a growing industry in ancestry testing.
In this book, Nadia Abu El-Haj examines genetic history’s working assumptions about culture and nature, identity and biology, and the individual and the collective. Through the example of the study of Jewish origins, she explores novel cultural and political practices that are emerging as genetic history’s claims and “facts” circulate in the public domain and illustrates how this historical science is intrinsically entangled with cultural imaginations and political commitments. Chronicling late-nineteenth- to mid-twentieth-century understandings of race, nature, and culture, she identifies continuities and shifts in scientific claims, institutional contexts, and political worlds in order to show how the meanings of biological difference have changed over time. In so doing she gives an account of how and why it is that genetic history is so socially felicitous today and elucidates the range of understandings of the self, individual and collective, this scientific field is making possible. More specifically, through her focus on the history of projects of Jewish self-fashioning that have taken place on the terrain of the biological sciences, The Genealogical Science analyzes genetic history as the latest iteration of a cultural and political practice now over a century old.

16世纪，意大利弗留利地区盛行着一种奇特的夜间活动，传说生而有胎膜的农民在某些夜晚陷入沉睡时，其灵魂会“飞往”田野里与巫师“战斗”，以保护庄稼收成。
这些男男女女，名为“本南丹蒂”，字面意思即“慈善的行者”。本南丹蒂是些什么人呢？一方面他们宣称自己反对女巫、男巫和 他们邪恶的阴谋，治愈了一些因巫师的加害而受伤的人；另一方面，和他们的假想敌一样，他们骑着兔子、猫或别的动物参加神秘的夜间聚会。然而，他们保卫自己的劳动果实、祈求丰收的仪式却被教会斥为异端巫术
历史学家金茨堡依据宗教法庭审判档案，着眼于审判官和被审问者之间的互动，不仅生动描述了这些农民如何在教会权威的压力之下，对自我身份产生混淆，进而把自己归为巫师的过程，还复原了这一时期民间文化和农民的心理世界。
“在这部书中我研究了16世纪末到17世纪上半叶之间弗留利人的宗教态度，从广义上说，是一个农民社群的心理状态，但是从一个十分狭隘的观点来看，这一民间信仰核心的历史，由于特殊势力的作用，逐渐被等同于巫术。”
——卡洛·金茨堡
编辑推荐：
★半个世纪以来经久不衰的史学经典，已有十几种版本在全球出版
本书自1966年在意大利出版以来，享誉全球，以意大利语、英语、法语、德语、葡萄牙语、加泰罗尼亚语、日语、中文等多种文字出版，仅意大利、美国和英国就在不同时期出版了不同版本。这本书经过时间的检验，已成为微观史、新文化史和巫术研究等领域的经典之作，霍布斯鲍姆、彼得·伯克对其赞誉有加。本次出版在旧有译文上作了部分修订，同时新增2020年意大利新版后记。
★意大利版《叫魂》，呈现显微镜下扑朔迷离的巫术审判
为丰收而战的那些据说灵魂可以离开身体的人们（“本南丹蒂”）在夜间到底做了什么？他们与底层民众的节庆狂欢、亡灵游行、巫魔集会、狼人传说等有没有关系，有什么样的关系？被审判的本南丹蒂对自己的思想传统、仪式、身份和所作所为都有自觉吗？宗教当局为什么感到恐惧？审判者们对审判对象是否有足够的了解，审判中都使用了哪些手段？本南丹蒂是如何一步步被与巫术和异端画上等号的？——除了作者抽丝剥茧的讲述和分析，本书末尾还附有审判档案的原文，供读者零距离观看审判过程。
★还原大众信仰与民间文化实相，揭示信仰与权力的关系，窥见近代欧洲早期的文化冲突
巫术审判、猎杀女巫背后实际上是正统文化对大众信仰、民间习俗，以及有悖当时教会规范的各种思潮的压制、塑造和同化。大众信仰的复杂性远不是审判席那些饱学之士所能完全掌握的，但教会似乎有自己对巫术、女巫崇拜、秘密信仰的单一理解。之后，权力就将这些“理解”强加给了审判对象，也强加给了大众信仰。反过来，对本南丹蒂的审判过程，事实影响了宗教当局对巫术的认识，因此，大众信仰也影响了精英信仰。这是下层文化与上层文化持久的冲突，也是文化“互相渗透”的过程。
★聚焦“小人物”，还原他们的心态和精神世界，倾听被遗忘、遮蔽和扭曲的庶民之声
作者与E.P.汤普森、娜塔莉·戴维斯一样，眼光朝下，关注自下而上的历史，关注历史夹缝中的边缘人和小人物。没有审判档案，这些人本来不可能在历史上留下任何痕迹，也不可能为今天的我们所知。他们都是一些什么人呢？辛苦谋生的农夫，为患病孩子四处求告的父亲，饱受癫痫之苦的农妇，为了糊口而谎称自己能通灵的妇女，声言能用咒语治病的裁缝，被邻居告发的“女巫”，乡村磨坊主，妓女，牧羊人……在宗教法庭上，一些人没什么文化，来自底层，面对压力，在审判官和法学家的引导下，明知承认某些“罪行”会受到惩罚也不得不承认。
★利用丰富的材料，点亮诸多颠覆人们认知的细节
作者在宗教法庭的审判档案（诸如口供和庭审记录）、欧洲而各地相关民间传说和大众文学读物等多种材料间穿梭，呈现了复杂多样的巫术与民间信仰的细节，诸如各种节庆的游行和狂欢活动、异端团体的秘密聚会（如半夜拜鬼仪式）、治病驱邪和施咒等迷信活动（包含一些骗钱的把戏）、祈祷丰收的仪式，狼人、骑着公鸡和公山羊的巫师、挥舞茴香束的本南丹蒂、亲吻恶魔屁股的男男女女……

A radical reconsideration of how we develop the qualities that make us human, based on decades of cutting-edge experimental work by the former director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Virtually all theories of how humans have become such a distinctive species focus on evolution. Here, Michael Tomasello proposes a complementary theory of human uniqueness, focused on development. Building on the seminal ideas of Vygotsky, his data-driven model explains how those things that make us most human are constructed during the first years of a child’s life.
Tomasello assembles nearly three decades of experimental work with chimpanzees, bonobos, and human children to propose a new framework for psychological growth between birth and seven years of age. He identifies eight pathways that starkly differentiate humans from their closest primate relatives: social cognition, communication, cultural learning, cooperative thinking, collaboration, prosociality, social norms, and moral identity. In each of these, great apes possess rudimentary abilities. But then, Tomasello argues, the maturation of humans’ evolved capacities for shared intentionality transform these abilities—through the new forms of sociocultural interaction they enable—into uniquely human cognition and sociality. The first step occurs around nine months, with the emergence of joint intentionality, exercised mostly with caregiving adults. The second step occurs around three years, with the emergence of collective intentionality involving both authoritative adults, who convey cultural knowledge, and coequal peers, who elicit collaboration and communication. Finally, by age six or seven, children become responsible for self-regulating their beliefs and actions so that they comport with cultural norms.
Becoming Human places human sociocultural activity within the framework of modern evolutionary theory, and shows how biology creates the conditions under which culture does its work.

"Nelson spent a year among the Koyukon people of western Alaska, studying
their intimate relationship with animals and the land. His chronicle of
that visit represents a thorough and elegant account of the mystical
connection between Native Americans and the natural world."--"Outside"
"This admirable reflection on the natural history of the Koyukon River
drainage in Alaska is founded on knowledge the author gained as a student
of the Koyukon culture, indigenous to that region. He presents these
Athapascan views of the land--principally of its animals and Koyukon
relationships with those creatures--together with a measured account of his
own experiences and doubts. . . . For someone in search of a native
American expression of 'ecology' and natural history, I can think of no
better place to begin than with this work."--Barry Lopez, "Orion Nature "
"Quarterly"
"Far from being a romantic attempt to pass on the spiritual lore of Native
Americans for a quick fix by others, this is a very serious ethnographic
study of some Alaskan Indians in the Northern Forest area. . . . He has
painstakingly regarded their views of earth, sky, water, mammals and every
creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. He does admire their love of
nature and spirit. Those who see the world through his eyes using their
eyes will likely come away with new respect for the boreal forest and those
who live with it and in it, not against it."--"The Christian Century"
"In "Make Prayers to the Raven" Nelson reveals to us the Koyukon
beliefs and attitudes toward the fauna that surround them in their forested
habitat close to the lower Yukon. . . . Nelson's presentation also gives
rich insights into the Koyukon subsistence cycle through the year and into
the hardships of life in this northern region. The book is written with
both brain and heart. . . . This book represents a landmark: never before
has the integration of American Indians with their environment been so well
spelled out."--Ake Hultkrantz, "Journal of Forest History"

Since the 1970s, tens of thousands of Vietnamese immigrants have settled in Louisiana, Florida, and other Gulf Coast states, rebuilding lives that were upended by the wars in Indochina. For many, their faith has been an essential source of community and hope. But how have their experiences as migrants influenced their religious practices and interpretations of Buddhist tenets? And how has organized religion shaped their understanding of what it means to be Vietnamese in the United States?
This ethnographic study follows the monks and lay members of temples in the Gulf Coast region who practice Pure Land Buddhism, which is prevalent in East Asia but in the United States is less familiar than forms such as Zen. By treating the temple as a site to be made and remade, Vietnamese Americans have developed approaches that sometimes contradict fundamental Buddhist principles of nonattachment. This book considers the adaptation of Buddhist practices to fit American cultural contexts, from temple fundraising drives to the rebranding of the Vu Lan festival as Vietnamese Mother’s Day. It also reveals the vital role these faith communities have played in helping Vietnamese Americans navigate challenges from racial discrimination to Hurricane Katrina.

几乎所有人类学教科书都会谈及石器时代生活的艰辛，人们相信生活在原始社会的狩猎者都食不果腹，难以维生，饥魂饿鬼如影随形。然而著名人类学家马歇尔·萨林斯却在这部著作中辨析并破除了这一成见。当我们跟随他重新发现石器时代的生活时，就会发现那实际是一个丰裕的社会，人们能够满足自己的需求，还组织起一种受亲属关系和社会权力等级影响的家户生产模式。不仅在生产方面，原始社会的交换活动也和宇宙神话、社会规范等价值体系紧密结合在一起。看看萨林斯给出的斐济、特洛布里恩德群岛、夏威夷等原始社会有趣而又广博的材料，或许我们就会理解他所说的：资本主义并不是人类历史上与生俱来的经济方式，而人类社会更普遍的经济方式也不是资本主义。

在本书中，杰出的心理学家、教育学家杰罗姆·布鲁纳探究了这一人类本质中难于捉摸但又是基础性的一面，追问我们如何利用故事来理解我们的生活。他提出了新的富有挑战性的方式来审视叙事：理解我们如何讲述我们的故事，发现我们如何利用叙事来创建自我感和诠释他人的生活，认识到文学如何改变了故事是什么的观念，以及法律如何教给我们关于叙事的期待。结果是一个精湛的、令人兴奋的合成物——人类学、心理学、文学、法学以及哲学的合成物。

《北方民族志景观——北极民族视角》是一部研究北极民族志景观保护的人类学著作。它从国家法规层面对加拿大、美国、俄罗斯等北极国家关于民族志景观的官方保护措施和管理系统进行了人类学意义上的释读，对北极国家的有关政府机构及研究机构所施行政策的演变过程进行了探讨。同时，本书通过对公园管理人员或研究人员的地域性民族志景观项目的分析，既揭示了被国家政策忽略的各种现实问题，又从地区角度分析了多年来当地机构所积累的民族志景观研究的宝贵经验。

Over the past few decades, a growing body of research has emerged from a variety of disciplines to highlight the importance of cultural evolution in understanding human behavior. Wider application of these insights, however, has been hampered by traditional disciplinary boundaries. To remedy this, in this volume leading researchers from theoretical biology, developmental and cognitive psychology, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, religious studies, history, and economics come together to explore the central role of cultural evolution in different aspects of human endeavor.
The contributors take as their guiding principle the idea that cultural evolution can provide an important integrating function across the various disciplines of the human sciences, as organic evolution does for biology. The benefits of adopting a cultural evolutionary perspective are demonstrated by contributions on social systems, technology, language, and religion. Topics covered include enforcement of norms in human groups, the neuroscience of technology, language diversity, and prosociality and religion. The contributors evaluate current research on cultural evolution and consider its broader theoretical and practical implications, synthesizing past and ongoing work and sketching a roadmap for future cross-disciplinary efforts.

Anthropology: What Does It Mean to Be Human? takes a question-oriented approach that helps students understand current anthropological issues, consider them critically, and apply them to their own lives. A unique alternative to more traditional, encyclopedic introductory texts, Anthropology: What Does It Mean to Be Human? takes a question-oriented approach that illuminates major concepts for students. Structuring each chapter around an important question, the authors explore what it means to be human, incorporating answers from all four major subfields of anthropology - cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and archaeology - and offering a more balanced perspective than other texts. They address central issues of the discipline, highlighting the controversies and commitments that are shaping contemporary anthropology.

本书是一本政治人类学导论书，旨在探讨影响全球秩序的各种地方性情境和权力关系。书中采用了亚洲、拉丁美洲和非洲各国家的案例，对西方殖民地国家和非西方国家进行了比较，展示出了人类学的自下而上的视角如何能有力地揭示出隐藏在国家正式机制背后的各种力量，而这种视角主要体现在对日常生活中的权力的微观动力学的研究和对地方化过程和全球化过程之互动的敏感。在这一视角下，作者进一步探讨了国家恐怖和民族暴力的机制，以及社会运动和关于权利、性别和文化的政治所具有的解放潜力。

【内容简介】
著名的当代思想家、耶鲁大学教授詹姆斯•斯科特曾告诉我们国家的视角为什么是错的。现在，在这本简短易懂、极其个人化的新作中，他论证了无政府主义者的视角为什么重要。他用引人入胜、斗志昂扬，甚至幽默的方式，捍卫重视地方性知识、常识、个体创造力、自发性的无政府主义思维，令我们能够审视世间百态……小到学校、工厂、养老院、游乐场里的日常社会政治互动，大到民众抗议和革命。
【编辑推荐】
书中的无政府主义不是意识形态，也无关政治立场，而是一种批判性的思维模式，可以适用于日常生活中的各类现象，如红绿灯的设置、抄近道形成的小径、地名的设置、林场或种植园的管理、游乐园的设计、科学文献索引体系的意义、养老院与老人间的关系等。通过带入无政府主义者的非国家视角，斯科特讨论了这些现象中蕴含的悖论。例如福特的种植园反映了一些为追求效率而设定的规程反而造成了效率的缺失，危地马拉当地农民的果园看似杂乱无章的表面安排后面之下却又更科学的逻辑。总之，作为一位社会科学大家撰写的关于自发性的随笔集，这本小册子中汇集了对生活中小事的思考，有助于读者培养批判性思维和辩证思维。

在很长的历史时期内，中国的沿海、沿江、沿湖生活着大量的水上人。这些人或被称为“疍”，或被称为“九姓渔户”，等等。这些称呼的背后往往交织着陆上人与水上人之间的权力关系。历史上，水上人往往不被允许上岸建屋居住，他们也很少掌握文字，因此撰写水上人历史的，几乎都是陆上人，采取的是陆上人的眼光。本书即试图去理解这样一个文字记录很不全面的社会历史，解读其与“陆上人”的联系与交流。

“浪漫”与“地理学”看似是一对矛盾的词。地理学脚踏实地，充满常识，亦是生存所必需。在过去，每个人都要懂得去哪里寻找食物、水源和栖息地；而如今，所有人都必须细心经营地球家园，使之更宜安居。当今的地理学著作缺乏戏剧性，地图、数据、描述和分析比 比皆是，却没有豪侠之举，没有孜孜以求的精神。然而，在不远的历史中，地理学的确曾有魔力，并被认为是浪漫的。那是一个英勇探索的时代。探险家深入海洋、山岳、森林、洞穴、沙漠和极地冰原，检验着自己身体和精神的忍耐力……作者指出，若是将精神视为人类存在的核心，或许人类需要将整个宇宙当作游乐场：超越中庸之道，信奉诸如光与暗、高与低、头脑与肌肉等两极化价值，皈依一些并不满足生存需要，却迎合热烈的浪漫渴望的地理环境。全书以灵动的笔调，从哲学、心理学、人类学的角度讲述人性与大地的互动，发掘地理学的诗性潜力。
过分注重细节的地理学需要与浪漫且先验性的洞察力为伴——无论是像威廉•华兹华斯所说的“仿若那寄寓于落日灿烂余晖之中的、渗入万物魂灵的虚无缥缈”，还是如爱因斯坦说的“宇宙的音乐”。
——段义孚

Walter J. Ong's classic work provides a fascinating insight into the social effects of oral, written, printed and electronic technologies, and their impact on philosophical, theological, scientific and literary thought. This thirtieth anniversary edition - coinciding with Ong's centenary year - reproduces his best-known and most influential book in full and brings it up to date with two new exploratory essays by cultural writer and critic John Hartley. Hartley provides: A scene-setting chapter that situates Ong's work within the historical and disciplinary context of post-war Americanism and the rise of communication and media studies; A closing chapter that follows up Ong's work on orality and literacy in relation to evolving media forms, with a discussion of recent criticisms of Ong's approach, and an assessment of his concept of the 'evolution of consciousness'; Extensive references to recent scholarship on orality, literacy and the study of knowledge technologies, tracing changes in how we know what we know. These illuminating essays contextualize Ong within recent intellectual history, and display his work's continuing force in the ongoing study of the relationship between literature and the media, as well as that of psychology, education and sociological thought.

In Tourism and Prosperity in Miao Land, Xianghong Feng focuses on the intersection of tourism, power, and inequality in the southern interior of China. In this region, capital-intensive and elite-directed tourism has reshaped the social and cultural patterns of the ethnic Miao and other local residents. Using ethnographic fieldwork conducted over the course of a decade, Feng examines the cultural reconstructions of space, ethnicity, gender, and morality within changing power structures. This book is recommended for scholars of anthropology, sociology, economics, political science, Asian studies, and tourism studies.