Linguistics
手势创造与语言起源 豆瓣
作者: 游顺钊 出版社: 语文出版社 2013 - 1
《手势创造与语言起源:离群聋人自创手语调查研究》讲述游顺钊决心在法国开拓聋人手语的研究,原因之一,是由于他对事物的奥秘和起源(包括语言的起源)很好奇。当然,事实上并不主要是兴趣、爱好的问题,他对当时语言学界的研究情况有自己的看法。他认为,人类的语言现象,是一种涉及许多方面和众多领域的复杂的社会、生理现象,然而历来的语言研究,过分偏重听觉方面,只顾舌头和耳朵,忽略了视觉方面,不顾眼睛和双手。他觉得这种偏颇给语言研究的深入造成了障碍。有个问题常引起他思考:聋人历来用手势表达和交际,然而为什么很少有人对他们的表达系统发生兴趣呢?不少人对聋人及他们的表达系统缺乏了解,甚至有误解。
中国当代语言学的口述历史 豆瓣
作者: 张宜 出版社: 中国社会科学出版社 2011 - 5
《中国当代语言学的口述历史》采用口述历史的方法观察并研究中国现当代语言学的发展史,汇集曾经为中国现当代语言学的发展作出贡献的前辈学者的学术成果,从而能更清楚地了解中国语言学研究的历史和现状。
口述史学的特征之一就是它的主动性和互动性。口述史学家以观察者的身份参与口述访谈工作,与研究对象直接接触,从而获得第一手的口述史料。对中国语言学家的口述研究填补了语言学史上某些重大事件中没有文字记载的空白,印证了文献资料的可靠性,从而再现中国语言学的发展面貌。
Rethinking Linguistic Relativity 豆瓣
作者: Gumperz, John Joseph; Levinson, Stephen C.(EDTS) 出版社: Cambridge University Press 1996
Linguistic relativity is the claim that culture, through language, affects the way in which we think, and especially our classification of the experienced world. This book reexamines ideas about linguistic relativity in the light of new evidence and changes in theoretical climate. Parts I and II address the classical issues in the relation between thought and language, and the extent of linguistic and cultural universals. Parts III and IV show how changes in our understanding of meaning require that we look at how context enters into interpretation, and how context is constituted in social interaction. The editors have provided a substantial introduction which examines changes in thinking about the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in the light of developments in anthropology, linguistics, and cognitive science; and also introductions to each section which will be of especial use to students.
The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics 豆瓣
作者: Keith Allan 出版社: Oxford University Press, USA 2013 - 5
In this outstanding book leading scholars from around the world examine the history of linguistics from ancient origins to the present. They consider every aspect of the field from language origins to neurolinguistics, explore linguistic traditions in east and west, chronicle centuries of explanations for language structures, meanings, and usage, and look at how it has been practically applied. The book is organized in six parts. The first looks at the origins of language, the invention of writing, the nature of gesture, and sign languages. Part II examines the history of the analysis and description of sound systems. Part III considers the history of linguistics in China, Korea, Japan, India, and the Middle East, as well as the history of the study of Semitic and Afro-Asiatic. Part IV examines the history of grammar and morphology in the west from the classical world to the present. Part V surveys the history of lexicography semantics, pragmatics, and text and discourse studies. Part VI looks at the history the application of linguistics in fields that include the language classification; social and cultural theory; psychology and the brain sciences; education and translation; computational science; and the development of linguistic corpora. The book ends with a history of the philosophy of linguistics. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics makes a significant contribution to the historiography of linguistics. It will also be a valuable reference for scholars and students in linguists and related fields, including philosophy and cognitive science.
The Infinite Gift 豆瓣
作者: Charles Yang 出版社: Scribner 2006 - 6
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A child's very first word is a miraculous sound, the opening note in a lifelong symphony. Most parents never forget the moment. But that first word is soon followed by a second and a third, and by the age of three, children are typically learning ten new words every day and speaking in complete sentences. The process seems effortless, and for children, it is. But how exactly does it happen? How do children learn language? And why is it so much harder to do later in life?
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Drawing on cutting-edge developments in biology, neurology, psychology, and linguistics, Charles Yang's The Infinite Gift takes us inside the astonishingly complex but largely subconscious process by which children learn to talk and to understand the spoken word.
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Yang illuminates the rich mysteries of language: why French newborns already prefer the sound of French to English; why baby-talk, though often unintelligible, makes perfect linguistic sense; why babies born deaf still babble -- but with their hands; why the grammars of some languages may be evolutionarily stronger than others; and why one of the brain's earliest achievements may in fact be its most complex.
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Yang also puts forth an exciting new theory. Building on Noam Chomsky's notion of a universal grammar -- the idea that every human being is born with an intuitive grasp of grammar -- Yang argues that we learn our native languages in part by unlearning the grammars of all the rest.
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This means that the next time you hear a child make a grammatical mistake, it may not be a mistake at all; his or her grammar may be perfectly correct in Chinese or Navajo or ancient Greek. This is the brain's way of testing its options as it searches for the local and thus correct grammar -- and then discards all the wrong ones.
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And we humans, Yang shows, are not the only creatures who learn this way. In fact, learning by unlearning may be an ancient evolutionary mechanism that runs throughout the animal kingdom. Thus, babies learn to talk in much the same way that birds learn to sing.
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Enlivened by Yang's experiences with his own young son, The Infinite Gift is as charming as it is challenging, as thoughtful as it is thought-provoking. An absorbing read for parents, educators, and anyone who has ever wondered about the origins of that uniquely human gift: our ability to speak and, just as miraculous, to understand one another.
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Linguistics 豆瓣
作者: Bruce Hayes / Susan Curtiss 出版社: Wiley-Blackwell 2001 - 2
Linguistics: An Introduction to Linguistic Theory is a textbook, written for introductory courses in linguistic theory for undergraduate linguistics majors and first-year graduate students, by twelve major figures in the field, each bringing their expertise to one of the core areas of the field - morphology, syntax, semantics, phonetics, phonology, and language acquisition. In each section the book is concerned with discussing the underlying principles common to all languages, showing how these are revealed in language acquisition and in the specific grammars of the world's languages.
Twenty-First Century Psycholinguistics 豆瓣
作者: Cutler, Anne 编 出版社: Routledge 2005 - 8
Psycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary field, and hence relationships are at its heart. First and foremost is the relationship between its two parent disciplines, psychology and linguistics, a relationship which has changed and advanced over the half century of the field's independent existence. At the beginning of the 21st Century, psycholinguistics forms part of the rapidly developing enterprise known as cognitive neuroscience, in which the relationship between biology and behavior plays a central role. Psycholinguistics is about language in communication, so that the relationship between language production and comprehension has always been important, and as psycholinguistics is an experimental discipline, it is likewise essential to find the right relationship between model and experiment. This book focuses in turn on each of these four cornerstone relationships: Psychology and Linguistics, Biology and Behavior, Production and Comprehension, and Model and Experiment. The authors are from different disciplinary backgrounds, but share a commitment to clarify the ways that their research illuminates the essential nature of the psycholinguistic enterprise.
The Language Hoax 豆瓣
作者: John H. McWhorter 出版社: Oxford University Press, USA 2014 - 4
Japanese has a term that covers both green and blue. Russian has separate terms for dark and light blue. Does this mean that Russians perceive these colors differently from Japanese people? Does language control and limit the way we think? This short, opinionated book addresses the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which argues that the language we speak shapes the way we perceive the world. Linguist John McWhorter argues that while this idea is mesmerizing, it is plainly wrong. It is language that reflects culture and worldview, not the other way around. The fact that a language has only one word for eat, drink, and smoke doesn't mean its speakers don't process the difference between food and beverage, and those who use the same word for blue and green perceive those two colors just as vividly as others do. McWhorter shows not only how the idea of language as a lens fails but also why we want so badly to believe it: we're eager to celebrate diversity by acknowledging the intelligence of peoples who may not think like we do. Though well-intentioned, our belief in this idea poses an obstacle to a better understanding of human nature and even trivializes the people we seek to celebrate. The reality - that all humans think alike - provides another, better way for us to acknowledge the intelligence of all peoples.
2018年10月5日 已读
很不错的批评沃尔夫主义的作品,观点很中肯,缺点就是缺乏建设性。一些沃尔夫主义的缺陷在于观念先行,所以调查语言有问题,这一点很多后期研究都有揭示。不过沃尔夫的初衷是好的,人家为了保护小语种嘛,但是最终还是被传媒玩坏了。新沃尔夫主义其实很强大了,他的优点就是建设性地化理论为技术,这比作者这种论述强,但是新沃尔夫主义有一个大问题,就是把统计学上的相关性当成因果。作者把各种语言中标志的不同归结于chance实在和前人把此归结于进化没多大理论进步(其实可以从信息论和演化角度做)作者没有把篇幅赋予沃尔夫主义如何在传媒中壮大这一点让人遗憾,传播才是真正的问题。就像民族主义的根源从来不是基因。近来以为沃尔夫主义的思路辨析及批判可以推广到极多的学科,他山之石,可以攻玉。ps洪堡、黑格尔都是沃尔夫主义先驱呐。
Culture English Linguistics NewBooksNetwork epub
Phonetically Based Phonology 豆瓣
作者: Hayes, Bruce; Kirchner, Robert; Steriade, Donca 出版社: Cambridge University Press 2008 - 1
Phonetically Based Phonology is centred around the hypothesis that phonologies of languages are determined by phonetic principles; that is, phonetic patterns involving ease of articulation and perception are expressed linguistically as grammatical constraints. This book brings together a team of scholars to provide a wide-ranging study of phonetically based phonology. It investigates the role of phonetics in many phonological phenomena - such as assimilation, vowel reduction, vowel harmony, syllable weight, contour line distribution, metathesis, lenition, sonority sequencing, and the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) - exploring in particular the phonetic bases of phonological markedness in these key areas. The analyses also illustrate several analytical strategies whereby phonological sound patterns can be related to their phonological underpinnings. Each chapter includes a tutorial discussion of the phonetics on which the phonological discussion is based. Diverse and comprehensive in its coverage, Phonetically Based Phonology will be welcomed by all linguists interested in the relationship between phonetics and phonological theory.
Forensic Linguistics 豆瓣
作者: McMenamin, Gerald R. 出版社: CRC Pr I Llc 2002 - 3
Ted Kaczynski's manifesto. The ransom note for Jon Benet Ramsey. The anthrax letters threatening our government and media agencies. With the aid of forensic linguistics, the words criminals leave behind in their unsigned letters can be as distinctive as a signature or voice. Although the linguistic study of language is well established, this important analytical tool is something new for many jurors, judges, attorneys, and other forensic specialists dealing with both criminal and civil cases. "Forensic Linguistics: Advances in Forensic Stylistics" provides an introduction to the field for those who need to understand what linguist-witnesses do, and aids those experts who need to talk about what they do in non-technical terms. Stylistics is an identification method which seeks to match one piece of writing to another by analyzing such factors as spelling, text arrangement, abbreviations, word formation, characteristic words and phrases, and syntax." Forensic Linguistics: Advances in Forensic Stylistics" documents current advances in this field, including quantitative methods of data analysis, a new way to provide scientific standardization, and new research directed at providing baseline data for determining the significance of style markers. The book begins with concise coverage of linguistics and writing. It then focuses on the specifics of stylistics, including summaries of over 70 authorship cases. Finally, it presents chapters covering style and stylistics in Spanish, Gujarati, Korean, and Japanese. With a clear and comprehensive presentation, "Forensic Linguistics: Advances in Forensic Stylistics" helps readers understand recent advances in the theory and method of forensic stylistics for authorship identification.
Handbook of the International Phonetic Association 豆瓣
作者: International Phonetic Association 出版社: Cambridge University Press 1999 - 6
This book is a comprehensive guide to the International Phonetic Alphabet, widely used for over a century to transcribe the sounds of languages. The Handbook is in three parts: Part I contains an introduction to phonetic description and exemplification of the use of phonetic symbols; Part II consists of twenty-nine "Illustrations" of the application of the International Phonetic Alphabet to a range of languages; and Part III covers speech pathology, computer codings, and the history of the IPA. This is an essential reference work for phoneticians and linguists more generally.