哲学
幸福之路 豆瓣
作者: [英]罗素 译者: 傅雷 江苏凤凰文艺出版社 2017 - 4
《幸福之路》中,罗素不依任何高深的学说,而是把一些经由他自己的经验和观察证实过的通情达理的意见归纳起来,制作出一张献给读者的方子,希望无数感到郁闷的男男女女,能够在此找到他们的病案和逃避之法,能够凭着适当的努力变得幸福。该书晓畅明白,历来为广大读者所喜爱,国内也曾有多个译本刊行。傅雷先生的精湛翻译更是为这本书增添了光彩。
中国哲学史大纲 豆瓣
作者: 胡适 2016 - 4
在《中国哲学史大纲》这本著作中,胡适对我国古代哲学做了系统的梳理,重点论述了老子、孔子、庄子、墨子等人或流派的哲学思想,阐释了中国哲学史的发展脉络和流变。它是我国历史上第一部具有科学精神的中国哲学史。一出版,即引起轰动,多次重印,至今仍然有很重要的影响、是研究中国古代哲学史的经典著作。
Meditations Goodreads 豆瓣
作者: Marcus Aurelius 译者: Gregory Hays Modern Library 2003 - 5
A series of spiritual exercises filled with wisdom, practical guidance, and profound understanding of human behavior, Marcus Aurelius’s Meditations remains one of the greatest works of spiritual and ethical reflection ever written. Marcus’s insights and advice—on everything from living in the world to coping with adversity and interacting with others—have made the Meditations required reading for statesmen and philosophers alike, while generations of ordinary readers have responded to the straightforward intimacy of his style.
In Gregory Hays’s new translation—the first in a generation—Marcus’s thoughts speak with a new immediacy: never before have they been so directly and powerfully presented.
存在主义是一种人道主义 豆瓣 Goodreads
Existentialisme est un Humanisme
8.4 (152 个评分) 作者: (法)让-保罗·萨特 译者: 周煦良 / 汤永宽 上海译文出版社 2012 - 6
存在主义是现代西方哲学中影响极大、流行极广、风行一时的哲学流派。其主要代表人物就是法国哲学家萨特。本书由两篇构成:《存在主义是一种人道主义》和《今天的希望:与萨特的谈话》。前者发表于1946年,后一篇发表于1980年去世前不久,其中萨特一再强调,他的存在主义本质上是一种对人生充满希望的乐观主义哲学。
沉思录(一部安顿灵魂的大师巨著,最新修订本梁实秋译本 ) 豆瓣 Goodreads
The Meditations
作者: 马可·奥勒留 译者: 梁实秋 万卷出版公司 2013 - 6 其它标题: 沉思录
Written in Greek, without any intention of publication, by the only Roman emperor who was also a philosopher, the <i>Meditations</i> of Marcus Aurelius (AD 121-180) offer a remarkable series of challenging spiritual reflections and exercises developed as the emperor struggled to understand himself and make sense of the universe. Ranging from doubt and despair to conviction and exaltation, they cover such diverse topics as the nature of moral virtue, human rationality, divine providence, and Marcus' own emotions. But while the <i>Meditations</i> were composed to provide personal consolation and encouragement, in developing his beliefs Marcus Aurelius also created one of the greatest of all works of philosophy: a timeless collection of extended meditations and short aphorisms that has been consulted and admired by statesmen, thinkers and readers through the centuries.
生活的艺术 豆瓣
作者: [罗马]爱比克泰德 2012 - 5
《生活的艺术:让内心获得幸福、快乐与宁静》是格言的形式,虽然简短,却皆为爱比克泰德一生的思想精华。这些富有哲理的文字不仅闪烁着作者独到的智慧,而且这种智慧还能够传达给千万人,尤其是能够帮助时下不知如何找寻幸福、营造快乐、归于宁静的人得以真正收获幸福、快乐与宁静。
爱比克泰德论说集 豆瓣
作者: [古希腊]爱比克泰德 译者: 王文华 商务印书馆 2009 - 5
《爱比克泰德论说集》最老版本是CodeLz.Bodleianus Graecorum Miscellarigorum 251(S),于11、12世纪之交编辑而成,所有后世版本(MSS)都是在此基础上修订完善而成的。1525年,Victor Trincavelli“据此印刷出版了第一个《论说集》印刷本(威尼斯本)。但他依据的原始手本错误百出,故几乎毫无文本考证价值。第一本真正具有学术价值的本子由Jacob Shegk在1554年(Basel版)完成。Shegk是图宾根(Tubingen)著名医学教授,与Trin—cavelli的本子相比,他审订的希腊文本虽在文字上并无多大改变,但由于他采用的拉丁文本非常可靠,所以得以对希腊文本数百处谬误予以校正。1560年,Hieronymus woIf(Basel版)在他的基础上进一步修订,附加翻译和点评。他所校订的这个本子在爱氏思想研究史上具有里程碑意义,但由于种种原因在当时的学术界未能产生应有影响,人们普遍阅读的仍然是Shegk校订的Trin—cavelli本。
2022年1月18日 已读
“我们的行为必须合乎自然”,这似乎是斯多葛主义的最高准则。凡事符合自然的,就没什么可怕,只有孩子才害怕自然。仅这一句话,就足以消除人的终极恐惧,即对死亡的恐惧。人要分清权能之内和之外的事儿。权能之外的事儿,与己无关。符合自然的生活即是利用天赋生活。人与其他生物的区别,就是人是具有理性的社会性动物,所以人只要利用自己的理性生活并对他人做出贡献,便是有意义的生活了。按照斯多葛主义生活哲学生活,在自己可控的领域精进,对不属于自己的权能的事物则放开,接受,不为之所动。
古希腊 哲学 希腊 斯多葛学派 西方哲学
Philosophy for Polar Explorers 豆瓣
作者: Erling Kagge 译者: Kenneth Steven Pantheon 2020 - 11
In Philosophy for Polar Explorers, Erling Kagge, renowned explorer and acclaimed author of Silence and Walking, provides a thoughtful and eloquent meditation on adventure and discovery.
Erling Kagge is one of the world's most accomplished explorers. He was the first to conquer all three poles on foot, by climbing Mount Everest and walking to the North and South Poles. In this thought-provoking and inspiring book, he uses the wisdom and expertise he has gained on his travels to reflect on life, nature, and humanity. Simple things like getting up early and accepting failure can make a difference, whether battling an arctic storm or stuck in traffic. And practices such as cultivating optimism and being open-minded when pursuing goals can benefit our lives enormously, wherever our paths may take us.
Punctuated with lyrical stories from his own experience and travels, Philosophy for Polar Explorers invites us to treat life like a grand exploration and illuminates the possibilities that await us when we do.
Conscious 豆瓣
作者: Annaka Harris HarperCollins 2019 - 6
As concise and enlightening as Seven Brief Lessons on Physics and Astrophysics for People in a Hurry, this mind-expanding dive into the mystery of consciousness is an illuminating meditation on the self, free will, and felt experience.
What is consciousness? How does it arise? And why does it exist? We take our experience of being in the world for granted. But the very existence of consciousness raises profound questions: Why would any collection of matter in the universe be conscious? How are we able to think about this? And why should we?
In this wonderfully accessible book, Annaka Harris guides us through the evolving definitions, philosophies, and scientific findings that probe our limited understanding of consciousness. Where does it reside, and what gives rise to it? Could it be an illusion, or a universal property of all matter? As we try to understand consciousness, we must grapple with how to define it and, in the age of artificial intelligence, who or what might possess it.
Conscious offers lively and challenging arguments that alter our ideas about consciousness--allowing us to think freely about it for ourselves, if indeed we can.
理想国 豆瓣
8.8 (5 个评分) 作者: 柏拉图 译者: 吴松林 / 林国敬 北京理工大学出版社 2015 - 7
《理想国》又译作《国家篇》、《共和国》等,与柏拉图大多数著作一样以苏格拉底为主角用对话体写成,共分10卷,其篇幅之长仅次于《法律篇》,一般认为属于柏拉图中期的作品。这部“哲学大全”不仅是柏拉图对自己此前哲学思想的概括和总结,而且是当时各门学科的综合,它探讨了哲学、政治、伦理道德、教育、文艺等等各方面的问题,以理念论为基础,建立了一个系统的理想国家方案
Finite and Infinite Games 豆瓣
作者: James P. Carse Free Press 2013 - 1
“There are at least two kinds of games,” states James P. Carse as he begins this extraordinary book. “One could be called finite; the other infinite.”
Finite games are the familiar contests of everyday life; they are played in order to be won, which is when they end. But infinite games are more mysterious. Their object is not winning, but ensuring the continuation of play. The rules may change, the boundaries may change, even the participants may change—as long as the game is never allowed to come to an end.
What are infinite games? How do they affect the ways we play our finite games? What are we doing when we play—finitely or infinitely? And how can infinite games affect the ways in which we live our lives?
Carse explores these questions with stunning elegance, teasing out of his distinctions a universe of observation and insight, noting where and why and how we play, finitely and infinitely. He surveys our world—from the finite games of the playing field and playing board to the infinite games found in culture and religion—leaving all we think we know illuminated and transformed. Along the way, Carse finds new ways of understanding everything, from how an actress portrays a role to how we engage in sex, from the nature of evil to the nature of science. Finite games, he shows, may offer wealth and status, power and glory, but infinite games offer something far more subtle and far grander.
Carse has written a book rich in insight and aphorism. Already an international literary event, Finite and Infinite Games is certain to be argued about and celebrated for years to come. Reading it is the first step in learning to play the infinite game.
2022年1月22日 已读
2022年1月22日 评论 唯一的无限游戏是什么 - 这本书的主题,game theory。 Game theory的中文翻译,是博弈论。我想说的是,这本书是一本讨论博弈论的哲学书籍,讨论game的两种形式,或者两种形式的game。 除了博弈,Games还可以翻译成比赛,竞技,角力等与博弈相近的词。但这些词语所代表的,显然都是 属于本书中finite games的范畴。而本书的中文版本中把games翻译成了游戏。游戏这个词的中文意义,其实细想一下,是本书的infinite games的范畴。因此,games这个词的中文翻译,其实是不好找的,也可以说是没有特别确切的。 换句话说,infinite games,就是相当于多人一起玩耍。而finite games,有限游戏,则是多人参加的比赛。只要记住 无限游戏=游戏,有限游戏=比赛,书就好理解了。 本书中文版把games翻译成游戏,其实与其原来的意义是有出入的,但也是在是没有更好的翻译了。 那,什么是游戏呢? 与游戏关联的动词是 play,玩游戏。而游戏的主体是player, 玩家。 作者认为游戏必须有两个玩家以上参与。一个人的玩耍,不在此书的讨论范围之内。 玩家必须是自愿参与的。如果不是自愿参与的,算不得玩家。(而强迫进入游戏的人,算什么呢?若拿电脑游戏做比喻,强迫进入游戏的角色,只是游戏的一部分,而不是玩家。玩家有进入游戏和退出游戏的自由) 除了玩家数量至少有两个,游戏还有其他的特点。比如,游戏要有游戏规则。没有规则的不是游戏。 在此基础上,作者做了许多展开。比如,就二者关系而言,有限游戏可以存在于无限游戏当中,但有限游戏中不可能包含无限游戏中。有限游戏的规则必须提前明确,而无限游戏的规则可以游戏过程中产生等等。 之后,作者开始了对无限游戏和有限游戏做了一系列对比。如果做一句话总结,那就是前面提到过的,无限游戏更接近于玩耍,有限游戏就是比赛。 比如,有限游戏中玩家是要分高下,定胜负的;无限游戏则不一定需要出现等级,也没有胜负的标准,唯一的就是要尽量的玩下去。所以有限游戏中更可能出现竞争,权力(power)成为必须;而无限游戏则需要合作,力量(strength)则是更为有利的。有限游戏,各种边界条件清晰可见。无限游戏,则时间空间上均不存在对游戏的限制。 接下去,利用有限和无限游戏,玩耍和比赛的思维框架,作者开始在历史与现实中考察各种现象,进行分析。讨论包括且不限于,战争,文化,宗教,社会,政治竞选,各种人际关系,包括性关系等。 他还把玩家/人分成了有限玩家和无限玩家,分别考察他们的特点。 书的最后一句话,There is but one infinite game,“只有一种无限游戏”,但并没有指出是什么。 最后,我觉得虽然有限和无限游戏的思维框架很有用处,但也要注意和反思的是,这幅思维框架并不能概括世界的全部。在二者之外,应该还有其他的。比如一个人的玩耍,并不属于作者讨论的游戏范畴之内。再有,只有被迫的玩家参与的“游戏”,也是存在的。比如,有人写一个AI程序作为玩家去玩一个电脑游戏。我们作为人,出生到这个世界上来,也很难说就是主动选择降临的。 但,可以肯定的是,一个人的人生,并不是个无限游戏。我们被放置在了这个叫做地球的行星上,我们在上面的时间,虽然不能确切的知道是多少,也肯定是不是无穷的。但,我们可惜选择去参加哪些有限游戏。也可以选择以有限玩家的态度还是无限玩家的态度去进行这一场也许是唯一的人生。 我猜想,作者在书末尾提到的唯一的无限游戏是,存在。
博弈论 哲学 英文原版
Feline Philosophy 豆瓣
作者: John Gray Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2020 - 11
The author of Straw Dogs, famous for his provocative critiques of scientific hubris and the delusions of progress and humanism, turns his attention to cats―and what they reveal about humans' torturous relationship to the world and to themselves.
The history of philosophy has been a predictably tragic or comical succession of palliatives for human disquiet. Thinkers from Spinoza to Berdyaev have pursued the perennial questions of how to be happy, how to be good, how to be loved, and how to live in a world of change and loss. But perhaps we can learn more from cats--the animal that has most captured our imagination--than from the great thinkers of the world.
In Feline Philosophy, the philosopher John Gray discovers in cats a way of living that is unburdened by anxiety and self-consciousness, showing how they embody answers to the big questions of love and attachment, mortality, morality, and the Self: Montaigne's house cat, whose un-examined life may have been the one worth living; Meo, the Vietnam War survivor with an unshakable capacity for "fearless joy"; and Colette's Saha, the feline heroine of her subversive short story "The Cat", a parable about the pitfalls of human jealousy.
Exploring the nature of cats, and what we can learn from it, Gray offers a profound, thought-provoking meditation on the follies of human exceptionalism and our fundamentally vulnerable and lonely condition. He charts a path toward a life without illusions and delusions, revealing how we can endure both crisis and transformation, and adapt to a changed scene, as cats have always done.
2022年1月25日 已读
2022年1月25日 评论 扬猫抑人 - 猫和人的关系,一般的认为,是宠物与主人的关系。但作者John Gray却不这么看,我也认同他的看法。人把猫看作宠物,但猫却不会把人看成主人。别说主人,连首领,头人,领导都算不上。猫选择跟人生活在一起,只是它想跟人生活在一起。如此而已。 猫和人类目前的关系,可不是人自己的主意。这是双方面的默契,可以说是一个愿打,一个愿挨。猫应该是追随着老鼠找到人的。那应该是在人类有了定居点和稳定的食物来源后的事儿。很有可能是从农业社会开始的吧。人类开始接受猫,大概就是它能帮助人消灭偷我们食物的老鼠。但,猫捉老鼠,可不是为了人。它若是吃饱了,很可能会放纵老鼠在它面前耀武扬威的。它不像人类那样,有贮藏的观念。没吃的,出去猎便是。吃饱了,就找个地方打盹儿睡觉。 人们大概是看猫有点儿用,就不会驱赶它们,甚至还可能会用一些食物做诱饵,让它们在自己家附近多转悠转悠。 最初养猫捉老鼠的人,肯定不会把猫喂饱的。付出的食物一是要保证比被老鼠糟蹋的少,而是要保证猫还有动力去抓老鼠。 吃饱的猫,大概也就对人没有了戒心,开始在人居住的地方居住,睡觉。甚至,睡到了人的屋子里里:毕竟野外挡风遮雨的地方,没有人们住的地方好。 但是,现今,世道变了。人类的食物充足,也常常会把自己的猫主子喂饱。猫是靠什么做到让人主动投食的,养猫的人都知道:它们驯服了我们,让我们觉得它可爱,甚至,让我们觉得它们重要,像其他家人一下样重要,有时候还要更重要。 它让人们不止相信它是宠物。 但,仍然,它们有机会,还是会离开我们的。它们狩猎的本领仍在:你如果看过猫的玩耍,你就知道,它那是练习狩猎呢。猫没有焦虑:它的生活就是,找吃的,吃,玩儿,睡。它跟着我们舒服。除了人,几乎没什么生命会跟舒服过不去。舒服,那就待着。不舒服了再说。 猫,它与哲学有什么关系呢?它关心什么生命的意义吗? 没关系,不关心。 你让人怎么跟它学? 一只猫生下来,就是吃睡玩,它大概会有幸福的一生。 一个人若只是吃睡玩,大概很快就会觉得无聊,问个为什么。要是你只允许人做吃睡玩儿三件事,他恐怕会疯掉。 人类最不擅长的,大概就是无所事事。人总是要找事情干。还常常要找有意义的事情干,或者从自己干过的事情里面找意义。 如果作者真的是猫咪哲学的践行者,大概,这本书永远不会出现。猫才不在乎分享自己的思想呢。也许抓到的老鼠,吃不了,可以分你几只。你要不要,它也无所谓的。 我的观感,这并不是什么猫咪哲学。而是在人类哲学中,找出那些比较符合猫咪行为方式的,加以赞颂;再拉出那与猫咪行为对照来看的解释了人类行为的哲学,加以,怎么说呢,优点批判嘲讽的意思。 所以呢,作者大概是为了表达自己对人类的不喜欢人类,和对猫的喜欢,才写了这么一本书吧。毕竟,人类的历史和当下之中,也是充满了对猫的虐待的事情的呢。可猫,除了对人好一点,对其他的动物,其实也残忍着呢:比如老鼠,比如鸟类……
哲学 英国 英文原版 非虚构
The Pocket Stoic 豆瓣
University of Chicago Press 2020 - 9
To counter the daily anxieties, stress, and emotional swings caused by the barrage of stimuli that plagues modern life, many people have been finding unexpected solace in a philosophy from a very different and distant time: Stoicism. Today, more than 100,000 people are members of online communities for modern Stoics, and there are annual conferences, meet-ups, and workshops for those aspiring to walk the Stoic path. But what is Stoicism, and what makes it resonate so powerfully today?
As John Sellars shows in The Pocket Stoic, the popular image of the isolated and unfeeling Stoic hardly does justice to the rich vein of thought that we find in the work of Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius, the three great Roman Stoics. Their works are recognized classics, and for good reason—they speak to some of the perennial issues that face anyone trying to navigate their way through life. These writings, fundamentally, are about how to live—how to understand your place in the world, how to cope when things don’t go well, how to manage your emotions, how to behave toward others, and finally, how to live a good life. To be a Stoic is to recognize that much of the suffering in your life is due to the way you think about things, and that you have the ability to train your mind to look at the world in a new way—to recognize what you can and cannot control and to turn adversity into opportunity.
Concise and accessible, The Pocket Stoic provides a welcome introduction to the lives and thought of the key Stoics. It is also a perfect guide to help you start incorporating the practice of Stoicism into your everyday approach to life.
How to Grow Old 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: Marcus Tullius Cicero / Philip Freeman 译者: Philip Freeman Princeton University Press 2016 - 3 其它标题: How to Grow Old: Ancient Wisdom for the Second Half of Life
Worried that old age will inevitably mean losing your libido, your health, and possibly your marbles too? Well, Cicero has some good news for you. In How to Grow Old , the great Roman orator and statesman eloquently describes how you can make the second half of life the best part of all--and why you might discover that reading and gardening are actually far more pleasurable than sex ever was.

Filled with timeless wisdom and practical guidance, Cicero's brief, charming classic—written in 44 BC and originally titled On Old Age —has delighted and inspired readers, from Saint Augustine to Thomas Jefferson, for more than two thousand years. Presented here in a lively new translation with an informative new introduction and the original Latin on facing pages, the book directly addresses the greatest fears of growing older and persuasively argues why these worries are greatly exaggerated--or altogether mistaken.

Montaigne said Cicero's book "gives one an appetite for growing old." The American founding father John Adams read it repeatedly in his later years. And today its lessons are more relevant than ever in a world obsessed with the futile pursuit of youth.
The Virus in the Age of Madness 豆瓣
作者: Bernard-Henri Levy Yale University Press 2020 - 7
As seen on CNN's Fareed Zakaria GPS Forget the world that came before. The author of American Vertigo serves up an incisive look at how COVID-19 reveals the dangerous fault lines of contemporary society. With medical mysteries, rising death tolls, and conspiracy theories beamed minute by minute through the vast web universe, the coronavirus pandemic has irrevocably altered societies around the world. In this sharp essay, world-renowned philosopher Bernard-Henri Levy interrogates the many meanings and metaphors we have assigned to the pandemic-and what they tell us about ourselves. Drawing on the philosophical tradition from Plato and Aristotle to Lacan and Foucault, Levy asks uncomfortable questions about reality and mythology: he rejects the idea that the virus is a warning from nature, the inevitable result of global capitalism; he questions the heroic status of doctors, asking us to think critically about the loci of authority and power; he challenges the panicked polarization that dominates online discourse. Lucid, incisive, and always original, Levy takes a bird's-eye view of the most consequential historical event of our time and proposes a way to defend human society from threats to our collective future.
2022年2月6日 已读
算是个时评吧。2020年就出版了,所以也就是就疫情开始的时候的一些事做了评论。一是提醒人们警惕医疗权威,二是要警惕那些利用疫情散布谣言的人,什么病毒是上帝对人类的惩罚呀,三是警惕试图对病毒做赞美的人,什么病毒让xx城市出现蓝天啦,野生动物出现在社区啊。四是警惕利用疫情获利,包括政治利益经济利益的那些人。

我同意作者说,这场疫情,不只是是病毒的疫情,而是对病毒的“害怕”成为瘟疫。作者整体上来说,是表达了对人类社会面对疫情的应对的各种失措的警惕和愤怒。

说到底,也是opinion piece.
哲学 随笔
On Bullshit 豆瓣 Goodreads
8.3 (7 个评分) 作者: Harry G. Frankfurt Princeton University Press 2005 - 1
One of the most salient features of our culture is that there is so much bullshit. Everyone knows this. Each of us contributes his share. But we tend to take the situation for granted. Most people are rather confident of their ability to recognize bullshit and to avoid being taken in by it. So the phenomenon has not aroused much deliberate concern. We have no clear understanding of what bullshit is, why there is so much of it, or what functions it serves. And we lack a conscientiously developed appreciation of what it means to us. In other words, as Harry Frankfurt writes, 'we have no theory'. Frankfurt, one of the world's most influential moral philosophers, attempts to build such a theory here. With his characteristic combination of philosophical acuity, psychological insight, and wry humor, Frankfurt proceeds by exploring how bullshit and the related concept of humbug are distinct from lying. He argues that bullshitters misrepresent themselves to their audience not as liars do, that is, by deliberately making false claims about what is true. In fact, bullshit need not be untrue at all. Rather, bullshitters seek to convey a certain impression of themselves without being concerned about whether anything at all is true. They quietly change the rules governing their end of the conversation so that claims about truth and falsity are irrelevant. Frankfurt concludes that although bullshit can take many innocent forms, excessive indulgence in it can eventually undermine the practitioner's capacity to tell the truth in a way that lying does not. Liars at least acknowledge that it matters what is true. By virtue of this, Frankfurt writes, bullshit is a greater enemy of the truth than lies are.
2022年2月23日 已读
2022年2月23日 评论 Bull session - bullshit的中文翻译 一开始读这本书的时候,发现作者一直在做辨析,把bullshit跟另外一个词“humbug”(哄骗欺瞒)最对比。受这辨析的影响,我头脑里一直在想,Bullshit要怎么翻译成中文才好。 bullshit,牛屎。指代的是无意义的胡说八道。单说屎不够,一定要说bullshit,说明是大坨。 想来想去,觉得,中文里的完美对应,是“狗屁”。意义完全对得上。不过,要指代无意义的胡说八道呢,中文里的词就多了去了。放屁,扯淡,胡唚,瞎说…… 后来到豆瓣上看,这本书的题目,台湾翻译为《论放屁》,简体中文版则是《论扯淡》。都还不错,一个直接些,另外一个相对文雅些。意思都保留着。 然后我就觉得,这有什么可论的呢?谁见到放屁扯淡的,还能不知道吗?即便你定义出个内涵外延来,又能怎样?这个词是大众发明的,大众自然是想怎么用就怎么用。一个哲学家参合个什么劲儿,难道你定义了,别人就得按照你定义的去用了吗?拿到你觉得它不好,它就会消失吗? 我都想直接打个一星,就丢弃一旁,不读了。 但我还是读下去了。我庆幸自己读下去了。 因为,知道我读到作者讨论“bull session” 和“hen session”的时候,我才领悟了,辨析这个词的重要性。 bull session “bull session” 是男人聚在一起扯淡。“hen session”指女性聚在一起闲聊。 好了,我不是说所有的男人的聊天都是一个样,女性的聊天都是另一个样。但男性一起闲聊时,有一个特别显著的特征,就是几乎不聊现实中的重要的事,甚至根本就不聊现实中的事儿,而是在一起,瞎吹胡唚。女性很愿意聊生活中的八卦,男性除了球赛,其他事的是,都是聊虚的。 一个男性扯淡的例子,就是侯宝林先生的相声段子:两个男子醉酒,互相说自己酒量好,没醉。然后一个拿出手电筒一摁电门,出来一个光柱,对另一个说:你没醉,来,你顺着我这柱子爬上去!另一个说:你——别来这一套,我爬上去呀,我爬上去,半道,你一关电门,我掉下来呀! 女性朋友们可能不会相信,但真的,男性之间聚在一起,净是这种不着边际的话。上到天王老子,下到贩夫走卒,男的聚在一起,常常就是整这一出。我也不知道为什么,但是扯淡似乎是男性的本能,抑或是他们避免交流深层情感的方法。 这些“bull session” 中,如本书作者所说,既没有真相,也不是谎言。 我认为,参与“bull session” 的人,都知道,自己无论说啥,都不用为期负责,所以说的话,也不用不代表自己。所以,他们会高谈阔论,但实际上什么也没说。唯一的作用,就是让这些话,作为社交润滑剂,消磨时光,找乐子。 对“bullshit”做辨析的重要性 书的作者认为,人们在扯淡的时候,不关心真相,实为比谎言更坏。 我不这样认为。 扯淡自然有其用处和适用范围。探讨真相时候的扯淡,自然很坏。但在bull session时候的扯淡,就是必须的。如果有人在“bull session” 的时候,来探讨真相,那他难免恼羞成怒。我看作者就是因为这个,才对bullshit这么看不上的。 我认为把bullshit下定义非常重要。因为,这个世界上,常常有人,要么是不懂什么是bullshit,要么装作不懂,而把人们bullshit的话当真,认为那就代表说那些话的人的真实想法,信念,认识……然后,别有用心的利用那些话,来伤害和打压对方。 这里的例子我就不举了。只要有心,你就能回想起不少因为私下吹牛瞎扯的话,而被攻击的事件。 你也就能理解,为什么有那么多不幸的事情发生,为什么男人们聚在一起后,还继续回口无遮拦的扯淡了。
哲学 思维
The Coddling of the American Mind 豆瓣
作者: Jonathan Haidt (author) Greg Lukianoff (author) Penguin Press 2018 - 9
2022年8月2日 已读
作者试图对美国大学里近些年了出现的学生对一些事件极端反应的发生原因,进行分析和解读。美国的大学正在教大学生们“杀不死你的使你更弱”,“相信自己的感觉”和“世界是正邪不两立的战场”等错误观念和家长和教育机构对学生们无底线的过度保护,正把下一代塑造成不能接受相反观点,用肢体暴力宣泄情感,不懂得如何面对他人的无能一代。
我个人希望,作为家长的人都应该读一读这样的书。停止做“直升机”家长。教会孩子应对生活中的困难与风险,学会与异见者对话合作,运用理性而不仅仅是感觉生活。
psychology 哲学 教育 社会科学 英文原版
知识分子的鸦片 豆瓣 Goodreads
L'Opium des intellectuels
8.3 (29 个评分) 作者: [法国] 雷蒙·阿隆 译者: 吕一民 / 顾杭 译林出版社 2012 - 6
《 知识分子的鸦片》一书是雷蒙·阿隆在冷战初期,针对当时法国特别是法国知识界的情况而作的一本法国人反思法兰西病的著作。在 《 知识分子的鸦片》一书中,作者对偏爱走极端的法国知识分子本身进行了剖析和批判,是研究法国现代思想史的重要参考资料,也是知识社会学的名著。在许多情况下,深刻的思想往往采取片面的姿态,左派的作品是这样,右派的作品也是如此。所以,即使在时过几十年之后,我们再来阅读阿隆的这部著作,仍会为其间的清醒与尖利惊叹。
" 没有雷蒙•阿隆,世界将感到更孤单,而且更空虚。——亨利•基辛格
《知识分子的鸦片》是20世纪最有开创性的书之一,是对研究知识分子的“虚妄”这一主题最有价值的贡献之一。本书出了要让知识分子们回归平凡务实的正道,也希望能让他们免于在智识方面的混乱不清,正是这种混乱不清造成了许多智识上的“怪胎”。——罗杰•金巴尔"
On the Shortness of Life 豆瓣 Goodreads Goodreads
De brevitate vitae
作者: Seneca 译者: C. D. N. Costa Penguin Books 2005 - 9 其它标题: On the Shortness of Life: Life Is Long if You Know How to Use It
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Publisher Comments :
Throughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves — and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives — and destroyed them.
Now, Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization, and helped make us who we are. Penguin's Great Ideas series features twelve groundbreaking works by some of history's most prodigious thinkers, and each volume is beautifully packaged with a unique type — drive design that highlights the bookmaker's art. Offering great literature in great packages at great prices, this series is ideal for those readers who want to explore and savor the Great Ideas that have shaped the world.
The Stoic writings of the philosopher Seneca offer powerful insights into the art of living, the importance of reason and morality, and continue to provide profound guidance to many through their eloquence, lucidity and timeless wisdom.
About Author
Lucius Annaeus Seneca, statesman, philosopher, advocate and man of letters, was born at Cordoba in Spain around 4 BC. He rose to prominence in Rome, pursuing a career in the courts and political life, for which he had been trained, while also acquiring celebrity as an author of tragedies and essays. Falling foul of successive emperors (Caligula in AD 39 and Claudius in AD 41), he spent eight years in exile, allegedly for an affair with Caligula's sister. Recalled in AD 49, he was made praetor and was appointed tutor to the boy who was to become, in AD 54, the emperor Nero. On Nero's succession, Seneca acted for some eight years as an unofficial chief minister. The early part of this reign was remembered as a period of sound government, for which the main credit seems due to Seneca. His control over Nero declined as enemies turned the emperor against him with representations that his popularity made him a danger, or with accusations of immorality or excessive wealth. Retiring from public life he devoted his last three years to philosophy and writing, particularly the Letters to Lucilius. In AD 65 following the discovery of a plot against the emperor, in which he was thought to be implicated, he and many others were compelled by Nero to commit suicide. His fame as an essayist and dramatist lasted until two or three centuries ago, when he passed into literary oblivion, from which the twentieth century has seen a considerable recovery.
Book Dimension:
length: (cm)18                 width:(cm)11.2
2022年5月23日 已读
斯多葛主义学派流传下来的经典不多,搜罗搜罗,很快就能读完,即是你的生命短暂。习得斯多葛主义哲学并践行之的人,会有佛老之达观和儒家之奋进。看淡生老病死,却仍用力生活,做值得做的事情。推荐每个人都读读Seneca,爱比克泰德,马可 奥勒留。
philosophy 哲学 思维 散文 经典