奧地利學派
What Has Government Done to Our Money? 豆瓣
作者: Murray N. Rothbard Ludwig Von Mises Institute 1990 - 6
Rothbard's most famous monetary essay has appeared in multiple editions and influenced two generations of economists, investors, and businessmen. After presenting the basics of money and banking theory, he traces the decline of the dollar from the 18th century to the present, and provides lucid critiques of central banking, New Deal monetary policy, Nixonian fiat money, and fixed exchange rates. He also provides a blueprint for a return to a 100 percent reserve gold standard.
Economics in One Lesson 豆瓣
作者: Henry Hazlitt Three Rivers Press 1981 - 4
A million copy seller, Henry Hazlitt’s Economics in One Lesson is a classic economic primer. But it is also much more, having become a fundamental influence on modern “libertarian” economics of the type espoused by Ron Paul and others.
Considered among the leading economic thinkers of the “Austrian School,” which includes Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich (F.A.) Hayek, and others, Henry Hazlitt (1894-1993), was a libertarian philosopher, an economist, and a journalist. He was the founding vice-president of the Foundation for Economic Education and an early editor of The Freeman magazine, an influential libertarian publication. Hazlitt wrote Economics in One Lesson , his seminal work, in 1946. Concise and instructive, it is also deceptively prescient and far-reaching in its efforts to dissemble economic fallacies that are so prevalent they have almost become a new orthodoxy.
Many current economic commentators across the political spectrum have credited Hazlitt with foreseeing the collapse of the global economy which occurred more than 50 years after the initial publication of Economics in One Lesson . Hazlitt’s focus on non-governmental solutions, strong — and strongly reasoned — anti-deficit position, and general emphasis on free markets, economic liberty of individuals, and the dangers of government intervention make Economics in One Lesson , every bit as relevant and valuable today as it has been since publication.
一课经济学 豆瓣
Economics in One Lesson
8.4 (19 个评分) 作者: [美] 亨利·黑兹利特 译者: 蒲定东 中信出版社 2008 - 10
《一课经济学》是美国著名经济专栏作家亨利•黑兹利特专为社会大众撰写的经济学入门读物。全书包括三大部分26章,以一堂课的形式,深入浅出地讨论了涉及现实社会经济生活的诸多问题,例如公共建设工程、税收、政府信贷、就业与失业、关税、最低工资、进出口、价格体系、房租管制、工会、最低工资、利润、储蓄、通货膨胀等,以最简单的阐述方式,向读者逐次解读这些复杂的经济问题背后的真相、什么样的经济政策会造成什么样的结果。
同时,针对那些广为流传的经济理论或学说中存在的谬误,黑兹利特进行了毫不留情的揭露、批驳,从而帮助社会大众更了解经济世界运作的法则。
经济为什么会崩溃 豆瓣
How an Economy Grows and Why It Crashes
8.2 (8 个评分) 作者: [美] 彼得·D·希夫 安德鲁·J·希夫 译者: 胡晓姣 / 吕靖纬 中信出版社 2011 - 8
如果你只有十几岁,阅读这本书会让你从童话般的寓言故事中获得经济学的启蒙教育!
如果你是二十几岁,阅读这本书可以让你再度温习一遍你在大学经济学课堂里让你迷糊的经济学天书,不过,这一次保证你再也不会迷糊了!
如果你是三十几岁到五十几岁,这本书可以纠正你思维中所滞留的的所有有偏差的经济学常识,经济学家已经把你的大脑固化了,现在该是你清醒的时候了!
如果你已经退休了,没关系,这本书既可以让你衡量你以前的经济学人生是否完美,也可以让你在孙辈面前有了培养他们智慧人生的最佳读物。
不信,你就试试看……
如何对经济领域的各种细节和现象进行整体性分析,这是一项艰巨的任务——特别是在很多专家似乎不可能承担这项任务时,它便显得尤为艰巨。但是,当你开始切实接触到经济学的基本要素时,就会发现这项任务比你想象的容易得多。《经济为什么会崩溃》一书运用插图、幽默口吻以及讲故事的平实手法,将经济学从高不可攀的架子上取下来,放回到厨房的餐桌上,它本就该属于那个地方。
这个关于鱼、渔网、存钱、借钱的故事揭露了全球经济对话中暗藏的众多漏洞。希夫兄弟以机智幽默的手法阐释了经济增长的根源、贸易、储蓄及风险三者的重要性,滞涨的根源、利率的影响及政府的刺激机制、消费信贷的破坏性本质等问题。两位作者还谈及其他许多经济原则问题,这些问题经常被讨论,却常常被误解。
这究竟是一本什么样的书?竟然能激起这么多人的阅读狂潮?想弄明白,还是翻开读一读吧!
The market as an economic process. 豆瓣
作者: Ludwig M. Lachmann Blackwell Pub 1986
From: http://www.auburn.edu/~garriro/r8lachmann.htm
Review Article: The Market as an Economic Process
by Ludwig M. Lachmann.
New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986, pp. xii, 173.
Ludwig M. Lachmann has been writing about markets for half a century. Having received his formal education in Germany by the early 1930s, Lachmann went to England where, along with fellow student G. L. S. Shackle, he studied under Friedrich A. Hayek. After writing and lecturing for some years in London, he settled in at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa for several decades of continued scholarship.
Until the mid 1970s Lachmann was known to Americans only through his writings, and his influence on American economics was not great. But in 1974 he was one of three lecturers featured at a conference on Austrian economics held in South Royalton, Vermont and sponsored by the Institute for Humane Studies. Beginning in 1975 and largely as a result of the South Royalton lectures, Professor Lachmann has taught each spring semester at New York University, returning to Johannesburg for the remainder of the year.(1)
The Market as an Economic Process, itself the result of a process that began several years ago, serves as the major focus of this review. A second volume, Subjectivism, Intelligibility, and Economic Understanding: Essays in Honor of Ludwig M. Lachmann on his Eightieth Birthday (New York: New York University Press, 1986), plays a minor role. Because of the diversity of the twenty three papers that make up this birthday offering, no comprehensive account can be undertaken. But two of those papers, one by the reviewer, will aid in linking the arguments in Lachmann's own book to an important issue that has captured the attention of Lachmann and his readers for the last several years: the presence—or absence—in the market process of a tendency toward equilibrium. But before dealing with this or any other substantive issue, let me focus attention on Lachmann's vision (as Joseph Schumpeter used the term) of the market economy.
Time and Money 豆瓣
作者: Roger W. Garrison Routledge 2000
"Time and Money" argues persuasively that the troubles which characterise modern capital-intensive economies, particularly the episodes of boom and bust, may best be analysed with the aid of a capital-based macroeconomics. The primary focus of this text is the intertemporal structure of capital, an area that until now has been neglected in favour of labour and money-based macroeconomics.
为什么我们的钱变薄了 豆瓣
作者: [美]默瑞•N.罗斯巴德 中信出版社 2008 - 9
金融危机当前,学点货币理论
易宪容(中国社会科学院金融发展室主任,北京)
莫瑞·罗斯巴德作为现代奥地利经济学派的旗手,尽管没有摘取到世俗所认为的现代经济学皇冠上的明珠,即诺贝尔经济学奖,但是,他开创的恢弘的经济思想体系将成为经济学思想不断的泉源。他作为当代经济学家中一个通才型的学者,从现实生活的点点滴滴入手,从行为的基本公理推演出了他的整个经济体系,表现出了经济学思想的永恒魅力及智慧。从这个意义上说,这正是罗斯巴德经济学生命之树常青的原因所在。
罗斯巴德的著作甚丰,有《人、经济与国家》、《美国大萧条》、《银行业的神话》等,这些著作都以深入浅出的方式道出了一个个深奥的经济问题。而摆在我们面前的这本书就是罗斯巴德著作中充满创造性思想的一本杰作。这本书从1963年首次出版发行后,连续多次再版,并被翻译成了多种文字。对广大读者来说,这本书是一本标准的货币理论启蒙读物。它以最浅显的语言、最鲜明的观点,把最抽象的货币理论的概念活灵活现地展现在读者面前,让所有的抽象概念都具象化,让读者感觉到原来如此抽象的货币问题就发生在你我之间,就发生在人们日常的经济交往中。
但是,具象化的货币并非只是我们日常生活中的“钱”,也并非只是一张张我们手中持有的纸币,更并非只是由政府来印制的钞票。通货膨胀也不只是物价的上涨,它不仅有其前因后果,还包含谁能够获利,谁又在通货膨胀中利益受损;谁喜欢通货膨胀,谁又不喜欢通货膨胀等问题。还有,货币一定是政府提供的吗?如果政府不提供货币,还可以通过什么方式来产生货币?如果政府来提供货币,它对金融市场会有什么影响?再就是,现代金融市场建立以来,为什么金融危机不断,其原因又何在?人类能够找到一条减少或避免这种金融危机不断发生的方式吗?等等。这些金融学上深奥的问题通过罗斯巴德的笔娓娓道来,即使从来不接触金融学的人,也会对金融学与货币理论的知识豁然领悟。
在罗斯巴德看来,在一个自由市场中,货币并不是什么组织或政府安排的,而是源于自由市场选择作为交换媒介的某种有用商品,其关键在于一般商品的“不可分割性”和“没有自己想要的东西”。假如一个人想用犁换几样不同的东西,像鸡蛋、面包和一套衣服,那么他该怎么做呢?他如何把犁大卸八块,将其中一部分交给农夫,剩下的给裁缝?就算东西可以分割,也不太可能让想交换的人同时找到对方,假设A想卖鸡蛋,B有一双鞋,如果A想要的是衣服,怎么可以硬是把两人凑到一起来交换呢?也就是说,由于具体商品交易的不可分割性及交易者交易的愿望,也就有了出现间接交易的需要。
这种间接交易,在尝试错误的过程中大幅扩充了经济的途径,成为现代经济文明发展的基础。因为在间接交换的机制下,你把东西卖掉后,换来的并非直接所需,将它卖掉才能得到真正想要的。这样,货币就在这种间接交换中产生了。这种对货币产生的解释具体、实在,交易者都可触、可摸、可感、可知,这样,发生在我们身边的货币理论就容易理解了。可以说,在本书中,罗斯巴德就是用这样的方式,把货币起源、货币性质、货币单位、货币功能等方面讨论得清清楚楚、一目了然。
本书对通货膨胀的解释并没有放在通货膨胀的产生、类型及治理上,而是放在通货膨胀对广大人民利益的影响上。在罗斯巴德看来,通货膨胀好比赛跑,看谁最先拿到新钱。先拿到钱者是那些与政治权力较近的人。因此,通货膨胀是政府的一种意愿,往往同政府权力的远近有关。离政府的权力越近,拿到新钱就越早,那么这些早入者受到通货膨胀的影响就越小。而因为通货膨胀惨遭损失的后知后觉者,显然比其他人晚取得新钱,受害最大。这些人不仅与政府权力远,而且都是依赖固定合约获得收益,而这些合约是在价格因通货膨胀而上涨前就签订的。因此,当通货膨胀出现时,这些人的利益首先受到损害,受到的伤害也最大。
正是从这个意义上说,通货膨胀表面上创造了经济的繁荣,但实际上则损害了广大人民的生活。同时,通货膨胀不仅改变了整个市场的经济预期,也成了掠夺广大民众财富的工具。而在这个过程中,与政治权力密切相关的利益集团获利最大,从而从根本上证明了通货膨胀对社会的危害性、对广大居民财富的掠夺性。正如罗斯巴德所言,通货膨胀(货币替代品增加,而没有相应金属货币存量的增加)从来对社会没有好处,只是牺牲一群人的利益来造福另一群人。通货膨胀是用欺诈的方式侵犯他人财产,在自由市场中是不会发生的,这就是现代社会通货膨胀的实质所在。
本书以布雷顿森林体系的瓦解为结尾,并且预言未来还将出现汇率的持续波动、债务的急剧增加、通货膨胀、危机、救市,以及对货币和信贷进行更集中控制的政治方面的冲动。事实上,近几年国际金融市场所发生的事情表明,国际金融市场的巨大波动无不是各国政府对金融市场过度干预和管制的结果。在各国国家政府对国际金融无所不能的管制过程中,不同的利益集团就会以不同的利益金融管制方式不完全地攫取或掠夺他人的利益,从而造成整个国际金融市场一个又一个的利益不平衡,而这种利益不平衡正是造成国际金融市场剧烈波动与危机的结果。
还有,罗斯巴德秉承奥地利学派的基本精神,一直保持着对政府干预市场的警惕。在他看来,政府对市场的干预不仅根本不能保护货币,而且反而会威胁到货币体系本身的完整性。政府的干预导致更多的弊端和更加严重的不稳定性。因此,政府的货币政策在货币体系中起到的作用是负面的,它只是为与政府组织紧密相关的利益集团对我们的社会采取集权控制打开了方便之门,这也是导致现代经济危机、货币危机和金融危机的根源。在本书中,罗斯巴德用西方世界出现的货币崩溃的简短历史作为例证,对此进行了生动的描述。
总之,这是一本绝大多数人都能轻松读下去的通俗的货币理论普及读物,但它并不是简单性的知识介绍,而是以深入浅出的方式,把最深奥的货币理论以最简单的方式表达出来,让读者对一般的货币理论可触、可感、可知,并从个体的日常生活中体悟到现代金融理论的真谛。
——转自《南方都市报》(日期:[2008年10月12日] 版次:[GB22] 版名:[阅读周刊 社科])http://epaper.nddaily.com/C/html/2008-10/12/content_595281.htm
银行的秘密 豆瓣
The Mystery of Banking
作者: 默里·罗斯巴德 译者: 李文浩 钟帅等 译 / 杨农 审校 清华大学出版社 2011 - 9
《NAFMII金融译丛·银行的秘密:揭开美联储的神秘面纱(第2版)》内容简介:当更多的人把金融危机的根源锁定在人的贪婪原罪时,罗斯巴德把思考的重点放在了政府与货币的关系上,并指出货币垄断才是构成经济危机的核心。所以,当经济危机来临,那种指望政府救市的理念和措施,不仅无助于市场的完善,甚至会拉长经济危机的期限。
Keynes Hayek 豆瓣
作者: Nicholas Wapshott W. W. Norton & Company 2011 - 10
As the stock market crash of 1929 plunged the world into turmoil, two men emerged with competing claims on how to restore balance to economies gone awry. John Maynard Keynes, the mercurial Cambridge economist, believed that government had a duty to spend when others would not. He met his opposite in a little-known Austrian economics professor, Freidrich Hayek, who considered attempts to intervene both pointless and potentially dangerous. The battle lines thus drawn, Keynesian economics would dominate for decades and coincide with an era of unprecedented prosperity, but conservative economists and political leaders would eventually embrace and execute Hayek's contrary vision. From their first face-to-face encounter to the heated arguments between their ardent disciples, Nicholas Wapshott here unearths the contemporary relevance of Keynes and Hayek, as present-day arguments over the virtues of the free market and government intervention rage with the same ferocity as they did in the 1930s.
The Case Against the Fed 豆瓣
作者: Murray N. Rothbard Ludwig Von Mises Institute 1994 - 6
The most powerful case against the American central bank ever written. This work begins with a mini-treatment of money and banking theory, and then plunges right in with the real history of the Federal Reserve System. Rothbard covers the struggle between competing elites and how they converged with the Fed.
Rothbard calls for the abolition of the central bank and a restoration of the gold standard. His popular treatment incorporates the best and most up-to-date scholarship on the Fed's origins and effects.
The contents of this volume include:
Introduction: Money and Politics
The Genesis of Money
What is the Optimum Quantity of Money?
Monetary Inflation and Counterfeiting
Legalized Counterfeiting
Loan Banking
Deposit Banking
Problems for the Fractional-Reserve Banker: The Criminal Law
Problems for the Fractional-Reserve Banker: Insolvency
Booms and Busts
Types of Warehouse Receipts
Enter the Central Bank
Easing the Limits on Bank Credit Expansion
The Central Bank Buys Assets
Origins of the Federal Reserve: The Advent of the National Banking System
Origins of the Federal Reserve: Wall Steet Discontent
Putting Cartelization Across: The Progressive Line
Putting a Central Bank Across: Manipulating a Movement, 1897-1902
The Central Bank Movement Revives, 1906-1910
Culmination at Jekyll Island
The Fed at Last: Morgan-Controlled Inflation
The New Deal and the Displacement of the Morgans
Deposit "Insurance"
How the Fed Rules and Inflates
What Can Be Done?
Time and Money 豆瓣
作者: Roger W. Garrison Routledge 2000 - 10
Time and Money argues persuasively that the troubles which characterise modern capital-intensive economies, particularly the episodes of boom and bust, may best be analysed with the aid of a capital-based macroeconomics. The primary focus of this text is the intertemporal structure of capital, an area that until now has been neglected in favour of labour and money-based macroeconomics.
Capitalism 豆瓣
作者: George Reisman TJS Books 1996 - 11
瑞斯曼(George Reisman)的巨著《资本主义》(Capitalism,1998年出版)指出,政府诱导货币及信用扩张的情形,好几世纪之前便已存在。瑞斯曼在书中指出,好几个世纪以来,“政府……本着扩张银行信用……能够创造真正的资本财富,进而创造繁荣的理念行事……生意人因为想要获得低利率,也就是他们所谓的‘容易钱’,因此会敦促政府这么做;当政府这么做时,企业界便报以热烈的掌声,但这么做带来的后果并非繁荣,而是景气起伏循环。”
因应景气循环的激进措施,绝对令一般读者目瞪口呆,在专业的经济学家中也一样不受欢迎。瑞斯曼的主张是采取百分之百的金本位或银本位制,也就是说,中央银行发行的所有钞票及存单,都必须存放百分之百等值黄金或白银。瑞斯曼解释,通过政府完全不加以干预的自由金融政策,这项制度将可长可久。
是的,传统的经济学理论认为中央银行之所以成立,是因为没有加以管制的自由银行体系会导致不稳定;但这样的银行体系从来不被允许存在过。
这里要理解的问题是,为什么真正自由的银行体系可以行得通?瑞斯曼的观察是,人为的信用扩张仍是合法且有可能的,但“它所有希望达到的目的都不会实现。”有关此看法以及其他相关的论点,主要是在《金钱与花钱》及《黄金 vs 通膨》两章里进行探讨,这两章几乎已经是正常情况下一本书的长度。
这本书被称为是经济学著作中的《战争与和平》,任何对经济学可能会遇到的问题,你都可以在这本书里找到答案。