歷史
City of Fortune 豆瓣 谷歌图书
作者: Roger Crowley Random House Trade 2013 - 5
Crowley’s popular histories—this is his fourth—pivot around power politics of the Mediterranean Sea, circa 1453 (2005). Venice is the player this lively narrative focuses on, specifically during the three centuries, from 1200 to 1500, in which it was at the apex of its sway over maritime trade. Accenting the city-state’s mercantile spirit, Crowley supports his narrative of the period’s numerous naval wars with explanations of the commerce they were fought to command. Acquiring an imperial archipelago in the process of serving as spice broker between Europe and Asia, Venice reached around Greece to Constantinople and as far as southern Russia. Anchored by fortresses, linked by galleys, Venice’s commercial empire faced challenges from Mongols, Genoa, and Ottoman Turks, and the diplomatic and military means by which Venice addressed those threats provide the most vivid passages and personalities in Crowley’s account. Had Vittorio Pisano not defeated Genoa in 1380, Venice might not be the tourist attraction of today. A deft writer, Crowley renders the Venetian part in late medieval times interesting indeed to history buffs
Out of Egypt 豆瓣
作者: André Aciman Picador 2007 - 1
This richly coloured memoir chronicles the exploits of a flamboyant Jewish family, from its bold arrival in cosmopolitan Alexandria to its defeated exodus three generations later. In elegant and witty prose, Andre Aciman introduces us to the marvellous eccentrics who shaped his life: the strutting daredevil, soldier, salesman, and spy; the two grandmothers, the Princess and the Saint, who gossip in six languages; and Aunt Flora, the German refugee who warns that Jews lose everything "at least twice in their lives." And through it all, we come to know a boy who, even as he longs for a wider world, does not want to be led, forever, out of Egypt.
New Ideas from Dead Economists 豆瓣
作者: Todd G. Buchholz Plume 2007 - 4
The classic introduction to economic thought, now updated in time for the publication of New Ideas from Dead CEOs
This entertaining and accessible introduction to the great economic thinkers throughout history— Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes, and more—shows how their ideas still apply to our modern world. In this revised edition, renowned economist Todd Buchholz offers an insightful and informed perspective on key economic issues in the new millennium: increasing demand for energy, the rise of China, international trade, aging populations, health care, and the effects of global warming. New Ideas from Dead Economists is a fascinating guide to understanding both the evolution of economic theory and our complex contemporary economy.
Victory of the West 豆瓣
作者: Niccolo Capponi Da Capo Press 2008 - 4
When the heavily manned fleet of the Ottoman Empire met the ships of a fragile coalition of Christian European states in 1571, the waters off the coast of Greece, they say, "ran red with blood." It was a victory of the West--the first major victory of Europeans against the Ottoman Empire. In this compelling piece of narrative history, Niccolò Capponi describes the underlying clash of cultures and takes a fresh look at the bloody struggle between oared fighting galleys and determined men of faith. As a description of the age-old conflict between Christianity and Islam, it is a story which resonates today.
Founding Brothers 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: Joseph J. Ellis Vintage 2002 - 2
In this landmark work of history, the National Book Award—winning author of American Sphinx explores how a group of greatly gifted but deeply flawed individuals–Hamilton, Burr, Jefferson, Franklin, Washington, Adams, and Madison–confronted the overwhelming challenges before them to set the course for our nation.
The United States was more a fragile hope than a reality in 1790. During the decade that followed, the Founding Fathers–re-examined here as Founding Brothers–combined the ideals of the Declaration of Independence with the content of the Constitution to create the practical workings of our government. Through an analysis of six fascinating episodes–Hamilton and Burr’s deadly duel, Washington’s precedent-setting Farewell Address, Adams’ administration and political partnership with his wife, the debate about where to place the capital, Franklin’s attempt to force Congress to confront the issue of slavery and Madison’s attempts to block him, and Jefferson and Adams’ famous correspondence– Founding Brothers brings to life the vital issues and personalities from the most important decade in our nation’s history.
Revolutionary Summer 豆瓣
作者: Joseph J. Ellis Knopf 2013 - 6
The summer months of 1776 witnessed the most consequential events in the story of our country’s founding. While the thirteen colonies came together and agreed to secede from the British Empire, the British were dispatching the largest armada ever to cross the Atlantic to crush the rebellion in the cradle. The Continental Congress and the Continental Army were forced to make decisions on the run, improvising as history congealed around them.
In a brilliant and seamless narrative, Ellis meticulously examines the most influential figures in this propitious moment, including George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Britain’s Admiral Lord Richard and General William Howe. He weaves together the political and military experiences as two sides of a single story, and shows how events on one front influenced outcomes on the other.
American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic Goodreads 豆瓣
American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies in the Founding of the Republic
作者: Joseph J. Ellis Alfred A. Knopf/Random House (NY/Toronto) 2007 - 10
An ironic examination of the founding years of the United States of America. Historian Ellis guides readers thru the decisive issues of the nation's founding, and illuminates the emerging philosophies, shifting alliances, and personal and political foibles of now iconic leaders. He explains how the idea of a strong federal government, championed by Washington, was eventually embraced by the American people, the majority of whom had to be won over. He details the emergence of the two-party system--then a political novelty--which today stands as the founders' most enduring legacy. But Ellis is equally incisive about their failures, making clear how their inability to abolish slavery and to reach a just settlement with the Native Americans has played an equally important role in shaping our national character. Ellis strips the mythic veneer of the revolutionary generation to reveal men possessed of both brilliance and blindness.
His Excellency 豆瓣
作者: Joseph J. Ellis Vintage 2005 - 11
普利策奖得主约瑟夫·艾利斯(Joseph J. Ellis)的著述是近年来最为畅销的华盛顿传记
国会现场 豆瓣
作者: 叶曙明 浙江人民出版社 2013 - 5
◎作品看点
▲100年来最好看最完整的北洋国会历史
▲总统之争、派系厮杀、贿选丑闻、外交之辱,再现中国首次民主转型的阵痛
▲余世存、马勇、解玺璋等著名学者隆重推荐
◎内容简介
1911年,辛亥风云突变,告别帝制中国,走到了历史的十字路口。当此时,开国会、立宪法、建立共和政体,成为举国上下的最大诉求。仿佛国会一开,即可中华崛起。
作为亚洲第一个民主共和国的中华民国,政制的枢纽在于国会。以梁启超、宋教仁为首的议员,在国会上选总统、制宪法、监督政府、弹劾官员,距离一个宪政民主的中国,仿佛只有一步之遥。
历史的吊诡,恰在瞬息之间。宋教仁被刺、袁世凯称帝、二次革命兴起、曹锟贿选,一波紧随一波,国会三度解散,议员四处流散,十年制不出一部宪法。
本书生动、真实地再现1911-1928这段国会历史,探寻现代中国的首次民主转型,如何从万众期待之中,跌入万劫不复之境。
The Sound of the Whistle 豆瓣
作者: Steven Ericson Harvard University Asia Center 1996 - 4
In this detailed study of the development of the Japanese railroad industry during the Meiji period, Steven Ericson explores the economic role of government and the nature of state-business relations during Japan's modern transformation. Ericson challenges the tendency of current scholarship to minimize the roles of the Japanese government and commercial banks in Meiji industrialization. By providing a fresh perspective on the "strong state/weak state" debate through a detailed analysis of the 1906-1907 railway nationalization, Ericson's study sheds new light on the Meiji origins of modern Japanese industrial policy and politics, filling a major gap in the available literature on the Meiji political economy.
The Evolution of Labor Relations in Japan 豆瓣
作者: Andrew Gordon Harvard University Asia Center 1988 - 4
The century-long process by which a distinct pattern of Japanese labor relations evolved is traced through the often turbulent interactions of workers, managers, and, at times, government bureaucrats and politicians. The author argues that, although by the 1920s labor relations had reached a stage that foreshadowed postwar development, it was not until the 1940s and 1950s that something closely akin to the contemporary pattern emerged.
The central theme is that the ideas and actions of the workers, whether unionized or not, played a vital role in the shaping of the system. This is the only study in the West that demonstrates how Japanese workers sought to change and to some extent succeeded in changing the structure of factory life. Managerial innovations and the efforts of state bureaucrats to control social change are also examined.
The book is based on extensive archival research and interviewing in Japan, including the use of numerous labor-union publications and the holdings of the prewar elite's principal organization for the study of social issues, the Kyochokai, both collections having only recently been catalogued and opened to scholars. This is an intensive look at past developments that underlie labor relations in today's Japanese industrial plants.
19世纪俄国工厂发展史 豆瓣
作者: M图甘-巴拉诺夫斯基 译者: 张广翔 / 邓沛勇 2017 - 7
本书对19世纪俄国工业发展的各个方面进行了详细介绍,其中第一部分介绍1861年改革之前俄国工厂发展状况,除对18世纪俄国工厂进行了详细阐述外,还对改革前俄国工业发展状况、工人、工厂立法和工业发展特征进行了分析;第二部分阐述1861年俄国大改革后工厂状况,除对比改革前后工业发展特征和异同外,还对改革后工业发展状况、新时期工人、工厂立法和工业发展特征进行概述。
畴人传汇编 豆瓣
作者: 阮元 广陵书社 2009 - 3
《畴人传汇编(套装全2册)》为我国第一部自然科学家的传记资料。其收录自黄帝以致于清,凡243人,附西洋37人。所谓“宗算氏之大名,纪步天之正轨”,凡涉及妖里云气占验均不予收录。
帝国的分裂 豆瓣
8.4 (5 个评分) 作者: 郑非 广西师范大学出版社 2016 - 4
美国革命是一次奇怪的革命。“在其他的革命中,人们拔剑出鞘是为了捍卫受到侵犯的自由,反抗那正在威胁着社会核心的压迫。”但很难说美国革命是由于这个爆发的。北美的保皇主义者彼得·奥利弗(Peter Oliver)批评说:“这是地球上从未有过的最胡闹和不自然的叛乱。”
对北美在 英国治理下的生活的优劣,可以用几个量化指标来做一个简单的审视。第一个指标是人均税负。以不列颠本土人民在1765年人均税负为100,弗吉尼亚、康涅狄格、纽约、马萨诸塞、马里兰、宾夕法尼亚诸州的税负只在2到4之间(0.1到0.22美元之间)。第二个指标是居民身高。英法七年战争期间美洲殖民地新兵的平均身高大约是1.727米,比同期的英国新兵的身高平均要高上7到8厘米。也就是说,几乎在200年前,殖民地人民的身高就达到了现代水平。根据常识,身高反映营养水平,间接反映生活水平。第三个指标是收入水平,1760年代北美人的人均收入是60美元(相当于现在的1920美元)。第四个指标是经济学家所估算出的英国贸易法规给北美施加的直接间接经济负担——平均每个人损失0.26美元。
无论如何,英国在北美的统治说不上严酷。正相反,可以说是善治的典范。正因为如此,当时的北美人民普遍都有英国认同。
那么,为什么北美还会独立出去,就是一个值得回答的问题。本书认为,要回答这个问题,需要我们转变两个旧观念:1,不要把北美的独立看作是殖民地对帝国的反抗,而应该看出,美国革命其实是一场英国内战。北美独立不是战争的起因和目的,而只是内战的结果;2,应该从英帝国的整体环境来考虑美国革命问题。
首先,与其说美洲革命是一场反抗暴政的起义,不如说这是一次“跳船”行动。从根源上来看,使北美人离心离德的原因,在于他们对英国统治的不放心。再具体一点,就是英国国内政治的弊陋和腐败导致它统治合法性的丧失。再追根溯源一点,就是十八世纪英国正在经历政治转型和社会转型,在这种转型中,君主立宪制与议会制的争斗、大众社会与大众政治的兴起、政治改革呼声与社会运动都在摧毁殖民地人民对英国政治的信心。直到1775年,殖民地人士都确定自己在处于一场由政治和社会腐败引发的宪法危机之中,这种危机心态极大的影响了他们对英国诸项殖民地政策的判断。
其次,英帝国的政治结构是有严重缺陷的,而这种缺陷反过来激发了北美与英国之间的矛盾。在长达十多年的时间里面,英美双方一直在寻找一条帝国框架下满足彼此需要的合法出路,他们思考了若干种方案,比如让北美向不列颠议会派出代表,或不列颠与北美组成共主体制,或成立帝国总议会,又或建立一个倾斜式双头帝国,但是这些方案都遇到了严重的困难而无法实行。
由于宪法结构上的缺陷,导致北美和不列颠两方的妥协空间减少,敏感性与脆弱性增高。
最后,不列颠人的应对实在不当。尽管从国王到大臣未必存心为恶,但是他们的反应却不好,一是回避真正的政治问题,把美洲问题简单归结为一小撮人野心作祟,把政治冲突庸俗化;二,在冲突显性化之后,却又实施“边缘政策”,又把政治斗争“零和”化。这些行动策略极严重的恶化了局势。
总之,本书的观点可总结为:
1.美国革命其实是一场英国内战,内战的结果是北美独立。
2.美国革命也是第二次英国革命——美国独立运动与英国革命之间存在继承关系。
3.18世纪英国的政治与社会转型制造着一场总危机,北美人士的抗争是英国抗争运动的一部分。
4.大英帝国的政治结构存在根本缺陷,这种结构上的缺陷转化成实际的政治对抗。
5.英国统治者无意镇压,北美抗争者无意决裂,但存在循环刺激,恶性升级。
6.在革命/改良的关键时刻,英式保守主义并不胜任。
最后,本书也提出,对美国独立这个案例的研究,有助于我们突破既有的国家分裂理论的限制(现实冲突视角、情感-心理视角、资源动员视角、政治过程视角等),从变迁、结构、话语、互动等更动态、更历史的角度来审视国家分裂问题。