A renowned political philosopher rethinks the role that markets and money should play in our society
Should we pay children to read books or to get good grades? Should we put a price on human life to decide how much pollution to allow? Is it ethical to pay people to test risky new drugs or to donate their organs? What about hiring mercenaries to fight our wars, outsourcing inmates to for-profit prisons, auctioning admission to elite universities, or selling citizenship to immigrants willing to pay?
In his New York Times bestseller What Money Can’t Buy, Michael J. Sandel takes up one of the biggest ethical questions of our time: Isn’t there something wrong with a world in which everything is for sale? If so, how can we prevent market values from reaching into spheres of life where they don’t belong? What are the moral limits of markets?
In recent decades, market values have crowded out nonmarket norms in almost every aspect of life. Without quite realizing it, Sandel argues, we have drifted from having a market economy to being a market society.
In Justice, an international bestseller, Sandel showed himself to be a master at illuminating, with clarity and verve, the hard moral questions we confront in our everyday lives. Now, in What Money Can’t Buy, he provokes a debate that’s been missing in our market-driven age: What is the proper role of markets in a democratic society, and how can we protect the moral and civic goods that markets do not honor and money cannot buy?

In this landmark work, a Nobel Prize-winning economist develops a new way of understanding the process by which economies change. Douglass North inspired a revolution in economic history a generation ago by demonstrating that economic performance is determined largely by the kind and quality of institutions that support markets. As he showed in two now classic books that inspired the New Institutional Economics (today a subfield of economics), property rights and transaction costs are fundamental determinants. Here, North explains how different societies arrive at the institutional infrastructure that greatly determines their economic trajectories. North argues that economic change depends largely on 'adaptive efficiency,' a society's effectiveness in creating institutions that are productive, stable, fair, and broadly accepted - and, importantly, flexible enough to be changed or replaced in response to political and economic feedback.While adhering to his earlier definition of institutions as the formal and informal rules that constrain human economic behavior, he extends his analysis to explore the deeper determinants of how these rules evolve and how economies change. Drawing on recent work by psychologists, he identifies intentionality as the crucial variable and proceeds to demonstrate how intentionality emerges as the product of social learning and how it then shapes the economy's institutional foundations and thus its capacity to adapt to changing circumstances. "Understanding the Process of Economic Change" accounts not only for past institutional change but also for the diverse performance of present-day economies. This major work is therefore also an essential guide to improving the performance of developing countries.

萨缪尔森的《经济分析基础》（以下简称《基础》）最早成文于1937一1938年，1941年以论文的形式发表。它是现代西方数理经济学的早期代表作之一。这部著作与其他少数几本著作（如希克斯的《价值与资本》（1939年）和纽曼发表于20和40年代的著作）共同为现代西方数理经济学奠定了基础。按照西方经济学界的看法，西方经济学从用20世纪30年代以前的语言表达和图解式的分析方法转变为用现代数理经济分析方法这一重大发展过程，萨缪尔森作出了具有开创性的贡献。可以说，他所作的贡献比其他任何人都要大。萨缪尔森对西方经济学的发展集中地反映在他的《基础》一书中。《基础》出版以来将近半个世纪的时间里，使用高深数学的风气一直盛行于西方经济学界，这种现象的出现被人归因于《基础》的问世。《基础》在西方经济学中成了一部划时代的著作，甚至有的人把它奉为现代数理经济学的“圣经”。它所开创的数学形式主义与新古典理论相互综合的分析方法：新古典综合分析，在欧美经济学界一直占居着主导地位。以萨缪尔森为代表人物的新古典综合派也一直是西方经济学的主流学派。萨缪尔森本人亦于1970年荣获诺贝尔经济学纪念奖金，成为美国获得诺贝尔经济学奖的第一人。

The governance of natural resources used by many individuals in common is an issue of increasing concern to policy analysts. Both state control and privatisation of resources have been advocated, but neither the state nor the market have been uniformly successful in solving common pool resource problems. Offering a critique of the foundations of policy analysis as applied to natural resources, Elinor Ostrom here provides a unique body of empirical data to explore conditions under which common pool resource problems have been satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily solved. Dr Ostrom first describes three models most frequently used as the foundation for recommending state or market solutions. She then outlines theoretical and empirical alternatives to these models in order to illustrate the diversity of possible solutions. In the following chapters she uses institutional analysis to examine different ways - both successful and unsuccessful - of governing the commons. In contrast to the proposition of the tragedy of the commons argument, common pool problems sometimes are solved by voluntary organisations rather than by a coercive state. Among the cases considered are communal tenure in meadows and forests, irrigation communities and other water rights, and fisheries.

This volume unites, for the first time, Books IV and V of Mill's great treatise on political economy with his fragmentary chapters on socialism. It shows him applying his classical economic theory to policy questions of abiding concern, particularly the desirability of sustained growth of national wealth and population versus a stationary state, the merits of capitalism versus socialism, and the expedient scope of government intervention in the competitive market economy. His answers to those questions have considerable relevance today, and they serve to illustrate the enduring power and imagination of his distinctive liberal utilitarian philosophy. In his introduction, Jonathan Riley clarifies Mill's approach, considers what constitutes the Millian Utopia, and shows how examination of such an ideal society provides valuable insights into the structure of his philosophy. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

This landmark treatise of 1817 formulated the guiding principles behind the market economy. Author Ricardo, with Adam Smith, founded the classical system of political economy, a school of thought that dominated economic policies throughout the 19th century and figured prominently in the theories of John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx.

Over the last twenty years, Ross B. Emmett has explored the work of Frank H. Knight, the philosopher of the Chicago School of economics. Knight occupies a paradoxical place in the history of Chicago economics: vital to the tradition's teaching of price theory and the twentieth-century re-articulation of the defense of free enterprise and liberal democracy, yet a critic (in advance) of the empirical and methodological orientation that has characterized Chicago economics and the rest of the discipline in the post-war period, and skeptical of liberalism's prospects.In the course of his investigation of Knight's work, Emmett has written not only about Knight's economics and philosophy, the nature of Chicago economics, and Knight's place in the Chicago tradition, but also about the application of hermeneutic theory to the history of economics, the relation of the history of economic thought to the discipline of economics, and the relation between economics and religion. His eight-volume collection of primary-source material on "The Chicago Tradition in Economics, 1892-1945" was published by Routledge in 2001.

Frank H. Knight (1885-1972) was a central figure in the development of the "Chicago School of Economics" at the University of Chicago in the 1930s and 1940s, where he taught future Nobel laureates Milton Friedman, James Buchanan, George Stigler and many others. It was Knight's embedded scepticism about the reach of economic knowledge that set the stage for the laissez-faire economics that matured at the University in the 1950s and 1960s. But as important as Knight's technical economic contributions were, he never strayed far from his broad philosophical interests and concern for the state of modern liberal democracy. Ross B. Emmett's selection of Knight's essays offers a picture of the work of this social scientist over the span of his career. Included are not only Knight's most influential writings, but also a number of uncollected papers. The essays illustrate Knight's views on the central debates regarding economics, social science, ethics, education and modern liberalism. Volume 1: "What is Truth in Economics?" contains 15 of Knight's papers up through 1940.

Frank H. Knight (1885-1972) was a central figure in the development of the "Chicago School of Economics" at the University of Chicago in the 1930s and 1940s, where he taught future Nobel laureates Milton Friedman, James Buchanan, George Stigler and many others. It was Knight's embedded scepticism about the reach of economic knowledge that set the stage for the laissez-faire economics that matured at the University in the 1950s and 1960s. But as important as Knight's technical economic contributions were, he never strayed far from his broad philosophical interests and concern for the state of modern liberal democracy. Ross B. Emmett's selection of Knight's essays offers a picture of the work of this social scientist over the span of his career. Included are not only Knight's most influential writings, but also a number of uncollected papers. The essays illustrate Knight's views on the central debates regarding economics, social science, ethics, education and modern liberalism. Volume 2: "Laissez Faire: Pro and Con" contains 14 of Knight's papers from 1940 through 1967, including "Socialism: The Nature of The Problem" and "The Sickness of Liberal Society".

First published in 1954</P>

《现代经济学与中国经济改革》一书从一名境外华人学者的独到视角，透彻地分析了中国转轨时期的各种经济行为和经济现象，并据此提供了可供选择的解决方案和政策建议，是一本值得关注中国经济的读者研究参考的经典著作。新世纪是中国经济高速发展的一个世纪，有关于中国经济改革的研究一直是国内外经济学者研究的重点。

硅谷成功的源泉在哪里？硅谷模式的要素是什么？复制硅谷能否成功？风险投资怎样在硅谷运作；经济学家以宽阔的视野和强有力的分析方法对此进行了大量的研究工作。本书呈献给读者的是新的信息新的视野――为我国的高新技术产业沿着正确的方向，腾飞。

《原富》一書是嚴復翻譯英國古典經濟學家亞當．斯密的《國富論》(An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations)，這本書最早明確提出財富形成的泉源和過程，揭示出財富在社會各階層的分配。
全書包括兩卷共5部，在第一部的序言中，亞當‧斯密對全書進行了概括描述，他認為國民財富的產生主要取于兩個因素，一是勞動力的技術、技巧和判斷力，二是勞動力和總人口的比例，在這兩個因素中，第一個因素起決定性作用。
另外，書中所提到的分工原理、供需法則、生產三原素、資本論，都是形成今日資本主義社會的重要基石。而且對於勞動市場、商品市場、貨幣市場、生產要素市場、資本循環、專業分工等都有相當多的論述，其中亦有不少是為了抨擊當時的重商學派及重農學派的理論而生。尤其認為經濟的出發點是利己心〈Self-interest〉，在經濟生活中，每個人都追求自己的利益，是人性的一面，也是一種自然現象。

Since his pioneering Since his pioneering application of economic analysis to racial discrimination, Gary S. Becker has shown that an economic approach can provide a unified framework for understanding all human behavior. In a highly readable selection of essays Becker applies this approach to various aspects of human activity, including social interactions; crime and punishment; marriage, fertility, and the family; and "irrational" behavior.

Economics studies human behavior within the context of markets. Contemporary economic theory has developed from the contributions of myriad thinkers over its history. Ekelund and Hébert catalog the ideas of these pioneers and extract the lessons within the theories, assessing their importance and subsequent impact. They present an in-depth survey of the complete range of mainstream economic ideas from ancient times to the present, illustrating the broad scope and remarkable continuity of economic analysis throughout the ages. Economic theories have a life of their own; the study of their development is meaningful and fruitful for gaining a better understanding of contemporary economics. Outstanding features: 1) explores the nature, scope, and method of economic inquiry creatively; 2) presents abstract theory in a comprehensible historical context; 3) uncovers the thought processes of the great minds in economics; 4) emphasizes continuity and consensus in the evolution of mainstream economic theory, yet does not eschew alternative points of view; 5) explores the past for lessons that might be learned or insight gained in the present; 6) provides a feel for the kinds of ideas that have staying power; and 7) underscores key ideas impacting contemporary thought and practice.