人類學
Flexible Citizenship 豆瓣
作者:
Aihwa Ong
Duke University Press Books
1999
- 2
Few recent phenomena have proved as emblematic of our era, and as little understood, as globalisation. Are nation-states being transformed by globalisation into a single globalised economy? Do global cultural forces herald a postnational millennium? Tying ethnography to structural analysis, "Flexible Citizenship" explores such questions with a focus on the links between the cultural logics of human action and on economic and political processes within the Asia-Pacific, including the impact of these forces on women and family life.Explaining how intensified travel, communications, and mass media have created a trans-national Chinese public, Aihwa Ong argues that previous studies have mistakenly viewed trans-nationality as necessarily detrimental to the nation-state and have ignored individual agency in the large-scale flow of people, images, and cultural forces across borders. She describes how political upheavals and global markets have induced Asian investors, in particular, to blend strategies of migration and of capital accumulation and how these trans-national subjects have come to symbolise both the fluidity of capital and the tension between national and personal identities.Refuting claims about the end of the nation-state and about 'the clash of civilizations', Ong presents a clear account of the cultural logics of globalisation and an incisive contribution to the anthropology of Asia-Pacific modernity and its links to global social change. This pioneering investigation of trans-national cultural forms will appeal to those in anthropology, globalisation studies, postcolonial studies, history, Asian studies, Marxist theory, and cultural studies.
The Stuff of Thought 豆瓣
作者:
Steven Pinker
Penguin Books
2008
- 8
This New York Times bestseller is an exciting and fearless investigation of language
Bestselling author Steven Pinker possesses that rare combination of scientific aptitude and verbal eloquence that enables him to provide lucid explanations of deep and powerful ideas. His previous books—including the Pulitzer Prize finalist The Blank Slate —have catapulted him into the limelight as one of today’s most important popular science writers. In The Stuff of Thought , Pinker presents a fascinating look at how our words explain our nature. Considering scientific questions with examples from everyday life, The Stuff of Thought is a brilliantly crafted and highly readable work that will appeal to fans of everything from The Selfish Gene and Blink to Eats, Shoots & Leaves .
Bestselling author Steven Pinker possesses that rare combination of scientific aptitude and verbal eloquence that enables him to provide lucid explanations of deep and powerful ideas. His previous books—including the Pulitzer Prize finalist The Blank Slate —have catapulted him into the limelight as one of today’s most important popular science writers. In The Stuff of Thought , Pinker presents a fascinating look at how our words explain our nature. Considering scientific questions with examples from everyday life, The Stuff of Thought is a brilliantly crafted and highly readable work that will appeal to fans of everything from The Selfish Gene and Blink to Eats, Shoots & Leaves .
论技术、技艺与文明 豆瓣
Techniques, Technology and Civilization
作者:
马塞尔·莫斯(Marcel Mauss)
/
施郎格
译者:
蒙养山人
世界图书出版公司北京公司
2010
- 9
《论技术、技艺与文明》是由莫斯有关技术和技艺方面的论述所构成的一本真正的全集,是一项深入、全面且相当具有开创性的成就。《论技术、技艺与文明》内容几乎涉及社会学、人类学和历史学中有关技术的所有重要问题,从旧石器时代石器的制作与交换、殖民地田野点的调查,到物质文化(莫斯和他的同事都没有使用过“物质文化”一词)的社会和象征意义;小到吃饭、走路、坐姿,甚至是睡觉,都不能被看成是自然而然的事情,这些在不同的社会、文化和文明中,成为他们相互区分的标识。
The Invention of Tradition 豆瓣 Goodreads
The Invention of Tradition
作者:
Hobsbawm, E. J./ Ranger, Terence O. (EDT)
Cambridge University Press
1992
- 7
Many of the traditions which we think of as very ancient in their origins were not in fact sanctioned by long usage over the centuries, but were invented comparatively recently. This book explores examples of this process of invention - the creation of Welsh and Scottish ‘national culture’; the elaboration of British royal rituals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; the origins of imperial rituals in British India and Africa; and the attempts by radical movements to develop counter-traditions of their own. It addresses the complex interaction of past and present, bringing together historians and anthropologists in a fascinating study of ritual and symbolism which poses new questions for the understanding of our history.
Language and Symbolic Power 豆瓣 Goodreads
Language and Symbolic Power
作者:
Pierre Bourdieu
译者:
Matthew Adamson
Harvard University Press
1999
- 3
This volume brings together Bourdieu's highly original writings on language and on the relations among language, power, and politics. Bourdieu develops a forceful critique of traditional approaches to language, including the linguistic theories of Saussure and Chomsky and the theory of speech-acts elaborated by Austin and others. He argues that language should he viewed not only as a means of communication but also as a medium of power through which individuals pursue their own interests and display their practical competence. Drawing on the concepts that are part of his distinctive theoretical approach. Bourdieu maintains that linguistic utterances or expressions can be understood as the product of the relation between a linguistic market" and it "linguistic habitus." When individuals use language in particular ways, they deploy their accumulated linguistic resources and implicitly adapt their words to the demands of the social held or market that is their audience. Hence every linguistic interaction, however personal or insignificant it may seem, hears the traces of the social structure that it both expresses and helps to reproduce. Bourdieu's account sheds fresh light on the ways in which linguistic usage varies according to considerations such as class and gender. It also opens up a new approach to the ways in which language is used in the domain of politics. For politics is, among other things, the arena in which words are deeds and the symbolic character of power is at stake. This volume, by one of the leading social thinkers in the world today, represents a major contribution to the study of language and power. It will be of interest to students throughout the social sciences and humanities, especially in sociology, politics, anthropology, linguistics, and literature.
Human Reproductive Decisions 豆瓣
作者:
Galton Institute
Palgrave MacMillan
1995
天真的人类学家 豆瓣 Goodreads
The Innocent Anthropologist
8.8 (204 个评分)
作者:
[英国] 奈吉尔·巴利
译者:
何颖怡
广西师范大学出版社
2011
- 7
本书诚实但又不失风趣地记录了作为人类学家的作者在非洲喀麦隆多瓦悠人村落两次进行田野工作的经历,将人类学家如何克服乏味、灾难、生病与敌意的真实田野生活拍案叫绝地呈现在读者面前。
不同于一般的人类学研究报告,这是一部令人捧腹不止的人类学笔记,透过幽默的笔调,读者看到了人类学者如何与研究对象进行互动,在互动中如何调整他的学术成见,以及田野工作上的琐事如何影响后来研究结果、研究的盲点与反思。因此不管是严肃的读者、无聊地只想打发时间或者是向往非洲原始部落的异国情调而蠢蠢欲动的旅人,巴利这本书绝对是一个有趣的选择。
不同于一般的人类学研究报告,这是一部令人捧腹不止的人类学笔记,透过幽默的笔调,读者看到了人类学者如何与研究对象进行互动,在互动中如何调整他的学术成见,以及田野工作上的琐事如何影响后来研究结果、研究的盲点与反思。因此不管是严肃的读者、无聊地只想打发时间或者是向往非洲原始部落的异国情调而蠢蠢欲动的旅人,巴利这本书绝对是一个有趣的选择。
After the Fact 豆瓣
作者:
Clifford Geertz
Harvard University Press
1996
- 10
"Suppose," Clifford Geertz suggests, "having entangled yourself every now and again over four decades or so in the goings-on in two provincial towns, one a Southeast Asian bend in the road, one a North African outpost and passage point, you wished to say something about how those goings-on had changed." A narrative presents itself, a tour of indices and trends, perhaps a memoir? None, however, will suffice, because in forty years more has changed than those two towns--the anthropologist, for instance, anthropology itself, even the intellectual and moral world in which the discipline exists. And so, in looking back on four decades of anthropology in the field, Geertz has created a work that is characteristically unclassifiable, a personal history that is also a retrospective reflection on developments in the human sciences amid political, social, and cultural changes in the world. An elegant summation of one of the most remarkable careers in anthropology, it is at the same time an eloquent statement of the purposes and possibilities of anthropology's interpretive powers. To view his two towns in time, Pare in Indonesia and Sefrou in Morocco, Geertz adopts various perspectives on anthropological research and analysis during the post-colonial period, the Cold War, and the emergence of the new states of Asia and Africa. Throughout, he clarifies his own position on a broad series of issues at once empirical, methodological, theoretical, and personal. The result is a truly original book, one that displays a particular way of practicing the human sciences and thus a particular--and particularly efficacious--view of what these sciences are, have been, and should become.
苦痛和疾病的社会根源 豆瓣
8.3 (17 个评分)
作者:
[美]凯博文
译者:
郭金华
上海三联书店
2008
- 3
作为1949年以来第一个在中华人民共和国进行精神医学研究的美国学者,凯博文在多层面上探讨了神经衰弱、抑郁症以及躯体症状之间的关系。本书为我们理解中国人在与家庭和国家的关系上的体验开启了一个窗口,同时也对中国人和美国人各自如何解释自身的疼痛与绝望处境进行了一个跨文化的比较。
“本书对疾病症状与社会之间的辩证关系的分析十分具有穿透力。这本强力著作不仅属于人类学与精神医学的先锋之作,而且也展示了作者对消除人类不幸与苦难的深切关注和担当。所有致力于改善健康照顾系统的人都应该阅读本书。”
——Joan M. Anderson, Current Anthropology
“此书堪称医学人类学界长期以来所期盼的最重要的一本著作。”
——Richard Shweder, Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry
“一本视野宽广、发人深省的医学人类学著作。”
——Roy Porter, Times Literary Supplement
“对跨文化精神医学具有重要贡献。”
——Paul Chodoff, M.D., Journal of the American Medical Association
“本书的田野研究写作精美,以至于历史学家都不断被其描述的中国共产主义政治实践中的那些重要时刻所吸引。作者以丰富细腻的笔触描写了中国人的社会关系,童年以及成长过程中出现的那些问题。”
——Jonathan Spence, Yale University
“这是到目前为止我们对中国精神健康问题的最好的研究。这是一本具有开创意义的著作。”
——Ezra F. Vogel, Harvard University
“本书对疾病症状与社会之间的辩证关系的分析十分具有穿透力。这本强力著作不仅属于人类学与精神医学的先锋之作,而且也展示了作者对消除人类不幸与苦难的深切关注和担当。所有致力于改善健康照顾系统的人都应该阅读本书。”
——Joan M. Anderson, Current Anthropology
“此书堪称医学人类学界长期以来所期盼的最重要的一本著作。”
——Richard Shweder, Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry
“一本视野宽广、发人深省的医学人类学著作。”
——Roy Porter, Times Literary Supplement
“对跨文化精神医学具有重要贡献。”
——Paul Chodoff, M.D., Journal of the American Medical Association
“本书的田野研究写作精美,以至于历史学家都不断被其描述的中国共产主义政治实践中的那些重要时刻所吸引。作者以丰富细腻的笔触描写了中国人的社会关系,童年以及成长过程中出现的那些问题。”
——Jonathan Spence, Yale University
“这是到目前为止我们对中国精神健康问题的最好的研究。这是一本具有开创意义的著作。”
——Ezra F. Vogel, Harvard University
What Really Matters 豆瓣
作者:
Arthur Kleinman
Oxford University Press
2006
- 5
In this moving and thought-provoking volume, Arthur Kleinman tells the unsettling stories of a handful of men and women, some of whom have lived through some of the most fundamental transitions of the turbulent twentieth century.
Here we meet an American veteran of World War II, tortured by the memory of the atrocities he committed while a soldier in the Pacific. A French-American woman aiding refugees in sub-Saharan Africa, facing the utter chaos of a society where life has become meaningless. A Chinese doctor trying to stay alive during Mao's cultural revolution, discovering that the only values that matter are those that get you beyond the next threat. These individuals found themselves caught in circumstances where those things that matter most to them--their desires, status, relationships, resources, political and religious commitments, life itself--have been challenged by the society around them. Each is caught up in existential moral experiences that define what it means to be human, with an intensity that makes their life narratives arresting.
These stories reveal just how malleable moral life is, and just how central danger is to our worlds and our livelihood. Indeed, Kleinman offers in this book a groundbreaking approach to ethics, examining "who we are" through some of the most disturbing issues of our time--war, globalization, poverty, social injustice--all in the context of actual lived moral life.
Here we meet an American veteran of World War II, tortured by the memory of the atrocities he committed while a soldier in the Pacific. A French-American woman aiding refugees in sub-Saharan Africa, facing the utter chaos of a society where life has become meaningless. A Chinese doctor trying to stay alive during Mao's cultural revolution, discovering that the only values that matter are those that get you beyond the next threat. These individuals found themselves caught in circumstances where those things that matter most to them--their desires, status, relationships, resources, political and religious commitments, life itself--have been challenged by the society around them. Each is caught up in existential moral experiences that define what it means to be human, with an intensity that makes their life narratives arresting.
These stories reveal just how malleable moral life is, and just how central danger is to our worlds and our livelihood. Indeed, Kleinman offers in this book a groundbreaking approach to ethics, examining "who we are" through some of the most disturbing issues of our time--war, globalization, poverty, social injustice--all in the context of actual lived moral life.
Ökologie des Geistes 豆瓣
作者:
Gregory Bateson
Suhrkamp Verlag
1985
- 9
Steps to an Ecology of Mind 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者:
Gregory Bateson
University Of Chicago Press
2000
- 3
其它标题:
Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology
Gregory Bateson was a philosopher, anthropologist, photographer, naturalist, and poet, as well as the husband and collaborator of Margaret Mead. With a new foreword by his daughter Mary Katherine Bateson, this classic anthology of his major work will continue to delight and inform generations of readers.
"This collection amounts to a retrospective exhibition of a working life. . . . Bateson has come to this position during a career that carried him not only into anthropology, for which he was first trained, but into psychiatry, genetics, and communication theory. . . . He . . . examines the nature of the mind, seeing it not as a nebulous something, somehow lodged somewhere in the body of each man, but as a network of interactions relating the individual with his society and his species and with the universe at large."—D. W. Harding, New York Review of Books
"[Bateson's] view of the world, of science, of culture, and of man is vast and challenging. His efforts at synthesis are tantalizingly and cryptically suggestive. . . .This is a book we should all read and ponder."—Roger Keesing, American Anthropologist
"This collection amounts to a retrospective exhibition of a working life. . . . Bateson has come to this position during a career that carried him not only into anthropology, for which he was first trained, but into psychiatry, genetics, and communication theory. . . . He . . . examines the nature of the mind, seeing it not as a nebulous something, somehow lodged somewhere in the body of each man, but as a network of interactions relating the individual with his society and his species and with the universe at large."—D. W. Harding, New York Review of Books
"[Bateson's] view of the world, of science, of culture, and of man is vast and challenging. His efforts at synthesis are tantalizingly and cryptically suggestive. . . .This is a book we should all read and ponder."—Roger Keesing, American Anthropologist
The Golden Bough 豆瓣
作者:
James Frazer
Penguin Classics
1998
- 1
A monumental study of comparative folklore and religion, THE GOLDEN BOUGH was originally published in two volumes in 1890, grew to 12 volumes for the third edition in 1915, then abridged by the author into this one-volume edition in 1922. Drawing on the beliefs and customs of ancient European civilizations and primitive cultures throughout the world, James Frazer's work continues to be an important reference.
金枝(上下册) 豆瓣
8.6 (14 个评分)
作者:
[英] J·G·弗雷泽
译者:
徐育新
/
汪培基
…
新世界出版社
2006
- 9
准确地说,《金枝》是现代人类学的奠基之作。自它问世以来,就受到了来自各方的质疑,但它出色地经受了时间的考验。时至今日,它仍是一部阐述巫术和宗教起源的权威之作。
《金枝》缘起于一个古老的地方习俗:一座神庙的祭司被称为“森林之王”,却又能由逃奴担任,然而其他任何一个逃奴只要能够折取他日夜守护的一棵树上的一节树枝,就有资格与他决斗,就能杀死他则可取而代之。
这个古老习俗的缘起与存在疑点重重,为此,作者目光遍及世界各地,收集了世界各民族的原始信仰的丰富资料,运用历史比较法对之进行了系统的梳理,从中抽绎出一套严整的体系,并对巫术的由来与发展作出子令人信服的说明和展望。
和其他专著有所不同的,《金枝》文笔清丽,义理明畅,对世界各地习俗娓娓道来,如数家珍,加上众多耐人寻味的观点和评论穿行其间,全书处处闪烁着智慧的光芒,而绝少呆滞和陈腐的气息,读来兴味盎然,令人不忍释卷。
《金枝》缘起于一个古老的地方习俗:一座神庙的祭司被称为“森林之王”,却又能由逃奴担任,然而其他任何一个逃奴只要能够折取他日夜守护的一棵树上的一节树枝,就有资格与他决斗,就能杀死他则可取而代之。
这个古老习俗的缘起与存在疑点重重,为此,作者目光遍及世界各地,收集了世界各民族的原始信仰的丰富资料,运用历史比较法对之进行了系统的梳理,从中抽绎出一套严整的体系,并对巫术的由来与发展作出子令人信服的说明和展望。
和其他专著有所不同的,《金枝》文笔清丽,义理明畅,对世界各地习俗娓娓道来,如数家珍,加上众多耐人寻味的观点和评论穿行其间,全书处处闪烁着智慧的光芒,而绝少呆滞和陈腐的气息,读来兴味盎然,令人不忍释卷。
夏村社会 豆瓣
作者:
萧楼
生活·读书·新知三联书店
2010
- 10
《夏村社会》一书,沿着费孝通“差序格局”的理论脉络,通过对江南“夏村”精致的民族志描写,提出了“差序场”的分析框架,为我们深刻认识当代中国东部沿海地区村庄社会的特质提供了不可多得的案例。
作者认为,当下的中国东部沿海村庄已经由横向的社会整合,转变为横向整合和纵向整合相结合的格局,由此,作者发展出“差序场”的概念和分析框架,并以此为核心,在村庄人格系统、文化系统和社会系统三位一体的层面,以行动和结构互动为特征,以村庄日常生活的意义构建为内容,形成了与汉学人类学传统经典理论的对话,将前人的研究向前推进了一步。
作者学理的积淀比较深厚,语言细腻,哲理性较强,故虽是“故事”,读来也十分耐人寻味,并富于理论启发,是目前国内村庄民族志研究中出现的比较优秀的田野实验民族志文本。文本理论性强,与相关理论进行了有深度的对话,达到一定的高度,又较具可读性,而且,作者在故事的铺陈中融叙事与理论分析为一体,将社会学分析融入到人类学的田野经验呈现之中,也具有一定的创新性。
作者认为,当下的中国东部沿海村庄已经由横向的社会整合,转变为横向整合和纵向整合相结合的格局,由此,作者发展出“差序场”的概念和分析框架,并以此为核心,在村庄人格系统、文化系统和社会系统三位一体的层面,以行动和结构互动为特征,以村庄日常生活的意义构建为内容,形成了与汉学人类学传统经典理论的对话,将前人的研究向前推进了一步。
作者学理的积淀比较深厚,语言细腻,哲理性较强,故虽是“故事”,读来也十分耐人寻味,并富于理论启发,是目前国内村庄民族志研究中出现的比较优秀的田野实验民族志文本。文本理论性强,与相关理论进行了有深度的对话,达到一定的高度,又较具可读性,而且,作者在故事的铺陈中融叙事与理论分析为一体,将社会学分析融入到人类学的田野经验呈现之中,也具有一定的创新性。
Making the Social World 豆瓣
Making the Social World
作者:
John Searle
Oxford University Press
2010
- 1
There are few more important philosophers at work today than John Searle, a creative and contentious thinker who has shaped the way we think about mind and language. Now he offers a profound understanding of how we create a social reality--a reality of money, property, governments, marriages, stock markets and cocktail parties. The paradox he addresses in Making the Social World is that these facts only exist because we think they exist and yet they have an objective existence. Continuing a line of investigation begun in his earlier book The Construction of Social Reality, Searle identifies the precise role of language in the creation of all "institutional facts." His aim is to show how mind, language and civilization are natural products of the basic facts of the physical world described by physics, chemistry and biology. Searle explains how a single linguistic operation, repeated over and over, is used to create and maintain the elaborate structures of human social institutions. These institutions serve to create and distribute power relations that are pervasive and often invisible. These power relations motivate human actions in a way that provides the glue that holds human civilization together. Searle then applies the account to show how it relates to human rationality, the freedom of the will, the nature of political power and the existence of universal human rights. In the course of his explication, he asks whether robots can have institutions, why the threat of force so often lies behind institutions, and he denies that there can be such a thing as a "state of nature" for language-using human beings.
Debt 豆瓣 Goodreads Eggplant.place
Debt: The First 5,000 Years
8.5 (6 个评分)
作者:
David Graeber
Melville House
2011
- 7
其它标题:
Debt: The First 5,000 Years
Before there was money, there was debt
Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems—to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There’s not a shred of evidence to support it.
Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that for more than 5,000 years, since the beginnings of the first agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems to buy and sell goods—that is, long before the invention of coins or cash. It is in this era, Graeber argues, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors.
Graeber shows that arguments about debt and debt forgiveness have been at the center of political debates from Italy to China, as well as sparking innumerable insurrections. He also brilliantly demonstrates that the language of the ancient works of law and religion (words like “guilt,” “sin,” and “redemption”) derive in large part from ancient debates about debt, and shape even our most basic ideas of right and wrong. We are still fighting these battles today without knowing it.
Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history—as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy.
Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems—to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There’s not a shred of evidence to support it.
Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that for more than 5,000 years, since the beginnings of the first agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems to buy and sell goods—that is, long before the invention of coins or cash. It is in this era, Graeber argues, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors.
Graeber shows that arguments about debt and debt forgiveness have been at the center of political debates from Italy to China, as well as sparking innumerable insurrections. He also brilliantly demonstrates that the language of the ancient works of law and religion (words like “guilt,” “sin,” and “redemption”) derive in large part from ancient debates about debt, and shape even our most basic ideas of right and wrong. We are still fighting these battles today without knowing it.
Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history—as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy.