法國
社会分工论 豆瓣
De la division du travail social
8.9 (9 个评分) 作者: (法)埃米尔・涂尔干 / none 译者: 渠东 生活·读书·新知三联书店 2000 - 4
《社会分工论》是法国社会学家涂尔干1893年的博士论文,是其开山之作。一开始他就显示了他反对单一的功利主义思维的立场,他指出社会是多元的,是由种种矛盾的部分组成的,是要适应相互矛盾的种种需要的,必须有一种限定与平衡。他选取的题目是一个经济学的对象,但他却要从其中找出非经济的内核来。这《社会分工论》的中心思想就是,劳动分工并不是纯粹经济现象。在这部著作中,涂尔干既提出了“社会团结”、“集体意识”、“功能”、“社会容量”、“道德密度”以及“社会分化与社会整合”这些后来一直为社会学界所沿用、修正和争论的概念‘也通过对“机械团结”与“有机团结”、“环节社会”与“分化社会”以及“压制性制裁”与“恢复性制裁”的纵向二元划分,探讨了历史演进的基本规律。概言之,涂尔干的社会学主义之基本立场在《社会分工论》已初现端倪:一切存在与现象的根源,皆为“社会”。
不能承受的生命之轻 谷歌图书 豆瓣
9.0 (179 个评分) 作者: [捷克] 米兰·昆德拉 译者: 许钧 上海译文出版社 2010 - 8
小说依托六十年代的捷克斯洛伐克的政治历史背景,围绕着托马斯、特蕾莎、萨比娜和弗兰茨等人物,以托马斯与特蕾莎的爱情为主线展开故事。
爱与做爱,灵魂与肉体,拯救与放逐,忠诚与背叛,昆德拉把一个个的矛盾摆在面前,“到底选择什么?是重还是轻?”“重便真的残酷,而轻便真的美丽?”重与轻不再是物理上的简单对立,而是如昆德拉所说:“重与轻的对立是所有对立中最神秘、最模糊的。
论美国的民主 豆瓣
作者: 亚历西斯·德·托克维尔 译者: 高牧 南海出版公司 2007 - 10
所有社会精英一直关注的话题读物
政府高官、决策者、企业家、知识阶层、大中学生的必备藏书
20年来对中国社会影响最大的100本书之一
美国一流大学组织“常春藤联盟”指定必修读物
对民主制度和美国社会最深刻的剖析,揭示美国强盛之路的必经历程。
这本书,把民主制下已经显露和可能导致的恶果描述得入木三分。他以一种贵族的优越感平视着美国,既不美化,也不丑化,他平静的分析各项制度的成因、得失,可能的演变。他的每句话都通俗易懂,从常识出发,但得出的结论表面在说美国,实则在谈论人类共同的命运。
——戴西(英国著名政治学教授)
《论美国的民主》1835年问世于法国,是研究美国民主的最经典著作。这部作品刚刚出版就受到普遍好评,也使年仅25岁的作者托克维尔名扬海外。这本书先后在英、美、德、荷、匈、意、西班牙、瑞典、日本等几十个国家出版发行。
《论美国的民主》是世界学术界第一部对美国社会、政治制度和民情进行社会学研究的著作,它也是一本论述民主制度的专著,托克维尔在这部著作里阐述了他的政治哲学的基本原理,以及他对平等与自由的关系的观点。他还在这部著作里做出了一些极为著名而且后来果真应验的预测。这些预测的一次次应验,引发了一波又一波研究托克维尔的热潮。其实,无论是精彩的叙述还是深刻的思辨,都使《论美国的民主》成为一部值得反复研读的著作,因为每一次阅读都能够给读者以新的感悟。
Philosophy as a Way of Life 豆瓣
作者: Pierre Hadot Wiley-Blackwell 1995 - 8
This book presents a history of spiritual exercises from Socrates to early Christianity, an account of their decline in modern philosophy, and a discussion of the different conceptions of philosophy that have accompanied the trajectory and fate of the theory and practice of spiritual exercises. Hadot's book demonstrates the extent to which philosophy has been, and still is, above all else a way of seeing and of being in the world.
Capital in the Twenty First Century 豆瓣 Goodreads
Le capital au XXIe siècle
作者: Thomas Piketty 译者: Arthur Goldhammer Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press 2014 - 4
What are the grand dynamics that drive the accumulation and distribution of capital? Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Thomas Piketty analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries, ranging as far back as the eighteenth century, to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings will transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality.
Piketty shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality—the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth—today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, Piketty says, and may do so again.
A work of extraordinary ambition, originality, and rigor, Capital in the Twenty-First Century reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today.
Dangerous Nation 豆瓣
作者: Robert Kagan Alfred A Knopf 2006 - 10
From the author of the immensely influential and best-selling Of Paradise and Power— a major reevaluation of America’s place in the world from the colonial era to the turn of the twentieth century.
Robert Kagan strips away the myth of America’s isolationist tradition and reveals a more complicated reality: that Americans have been increasing their global power and influence steadily for the past four centuries. Even from the time of the Puritans, he reveals, America was no shining “city up on a hill” but an engine of commercial and territorial expansion that drove Native Americans, as well as French, Spanish, Russian, and ultimately even British power, from the North American continent. Even before the birth of the nation, Americans believed they were destined for global leadership. Underlying their ambitions, Kagan argues, was a set of ideas and ideals about the world and human nature. He focuses on the Declaration of Independence as the document that firmly established the American conviction that the inalienable rights of all mankind transcended territorial borders and blood ties. American nationalism, he shows, was always internationalist at its core. He also makes a startling discovery: that the Civil War and the abolition of slavery—the fulfillment of the ideals of the Declaration—were the decisive turning point in the history of American foreign policy as well. Kagan's brilliant and comprehensive reexamination of early American foreign policy makes clear why America, from its very beginning, has been viewed worldwide not only as a wellspring of political, cultural, and social revolution, but as an ambitious and, at times, dangerous nation.
Essays on Mankind and Political Arithmetic 豆瓣
作者: Petty, William; Sir 2008 - 8
That at London the hospitals are better and more desirable than those of Paris, for that in the best at Paris there die two out of fifteen, whereas at London there die out of the worst scarce 2 out of 16, and yet but a fiftieth part of the whole die out of the hospitals at London, and two-fifths, or twenty times that proportion die out of the Paris hospitals which are of the same kind; that is to say, the number of those at London, who choose to lie sick in hospitals rather than in their own houses, are to the like people of Paris as one to twenty; which shows the greater poverty or want of means in the people of Paris than those of London.
Optimal Transport 豆瓣
作者: Cédric Villani Springer 2008 - 11
At the close of the 1980s, the independent contributions of Yann Brenier, Mike Cullen and John Mather launched a revolution in the venerable field of optimal transport founded by G. Monge in the 18th century, which has made breathtaking forays into various other domains of mathematics ever since. The author presents a broad overview of this area, supplying complete and self-contained proofs of all the fundamental results of the theory of optimal transport at the appropriate level of generality. Thus, the book encompasses the broad spectrum ranging from basic theory to the most recent research results. PhD students or researchers can read the entire book without any prior knowledge of the field. A comprehensive bibliography with notes that extensively discuss the existing literature underlines the book's value as a most welcome reference text on this subject.