科學
Science and the Modern World 豆瓣 Goodreads
Science and the Modern World
作者: Alfred North Whitehead Free Press 1997 - 8
Alfred North Whitehead's SCIENCE AND THE MODERN WORLD, originally published in 1925, redefines the concept of modern science. Presaging by more than half a century most of today's cutting-edge thought on the cultural ramifications of science and technology, Whitehead demands that readers understand and celebrate the contemporary, historical, and cultural context of scientific discovery. Taking readers through the history of modern science, Whitehead shows how cultural history has affected science over the ages in relation to such major intellectual themes as romanticism, relativity, quantum theory, religion, and movements for social progress.
二十世纪的历史学 豆瓣
作者: 格奥尔格·伊格尔斯 译者: 何兆武 山东大学出版社 2006 - 1
作者在本书中考察了关于历史和历史学性质的思想的深刻变化,以及自 19世纪职业历史学出现以来作为其基础的基本原则的发展,描述了二战以后新的社会科学学科如何改变历史学,特别是近二十年来后现代主义思想对历史学的巨大挑战,并得出结论:当代的历史学正从经典的、宏观的形式走向微观史、文化史和日常生活史。本书是新版,增加了题为“21世纪初的回顾 ”的后记,考察了从后现代主义向新的社会科学方法的进展,特别注意文化因素和全球化问题。本书已被译成十种文字在多个国家出版。
西方文化中的数学 豆瓣 Goodreads
Mathematics in Western Culture
9.6 (10 个评分) 作者: [美] M·克莱因 译者: 张祖贵 复旦大学出版社 2004 - 4
《西方文化中的数学》是美国著名数学家、数学教育家、数学史家M·克莱因的一部力作。自1953年在美国出版后,多次再版,深受西方文化界、数学界欢迎,其影响经久不衰。《西方文化中的数学》系统地阐述了各个不同历史时期数学与文学、绘画、哲学、宗教、美学、音乐、人文科学、自然科学等文化领域的内在联系,详细而透彻地说明了数学对西方文化、理性精神、现代人类思想的发展所产生的深刻影响,有力地证明了数学是人类文化的重要组成部分和不可缺少的重要力量。
Critical Rationalism, the Social Sciences and the Humanities 豆瓣
作者: I.C. Jarvie / Nathaniel Laor Kluwer Academic Publishers 1995
An outstanding feature of this book is the broad range of the contributors, drawn from Europe, the Middle East and North America, testifying both to the range of Professor Agassi's interests and the geographical spread of his influence. Most contributors use Agassi's ideas as a springboard to engage in debate on issues, or offer a contribution in an area that interests him. In this volume contributors consider such questions as Agassi's philosophy of education, in practice as well as in theory; the impact of psychologism in philosophy; the origins of critical rationalism in the Bible; the debates in economics stimulated by the work of Popper and Agassi, and many other topics. Besides the special topics, the reader gains some sense of the fruitfulness of critical rationalism in the hands of Agassi's friends and colleagues.
The Problem of Rationality in Science and its Philosophy 豆瓣
作者: Misiek, Jozef 编 Springer 1994
The book is an outcome of two conferences held in Poland in 1987 and 1990. Both conferences dealt with the problem of rationality; the first put the problem in the context of the philosophy of Popper and Polanyi; and the second involved the notion of the aim of science. This book presents the most comprehensive current account of the manifold approaches to the problem of rationality and related issues. Generally speaking, some authors are convinced that the standard approach to the problem of rationality is more or less correct. They try to amend this approach and/or to reply to some objections to it. Others adopt a more radical attitude and seek inspiration in more exotic regions of philosophy of science, in particular in the philosophy of Michael Polanyi. In this case not only the problem of rationality of science is addressed but also the problem of rationality of the philosophy of science itself. What makes the book really fascinating is the common attitude of all authors in addressing fundamental issues pertaining to the problem of rationality. This results from the fact that both conferences were organized for a small number of participants and there was time for discussion within a friendly but demanding social environment. The book is primarily intended for researchers in the philosophy of science. It is also valuable to other philosophers interested in current trends in philosophy of science, to scientists of various disciplines interested in philosophy, to scientists and to graduate students in the philosophy of science.
More Heat than Light 豆瓣
作者: Philip Mirowski Cambridge University Press 1991 - 11
More Heat Than Light is a history of how physics has drawn some inspiration from economics and also how economics has sought to emulate physics, especially with regard to the theory of value. It traces the development of the energy concept in Western physics and its subsequent effect upon the invention and promulgation of neoclassical economics. Any discussion of the standing of economics as a science must include the historical symbiosis between the two disciplines. Starting with the philosopher Emile Meyerson's discussion of the relationship between notions of invariance and causality in the history of science, the book surveys the history of conservation principles in the Western discussion of motion. Recourse to the metaphors of the economy are frequent in physics, and the concepts of value, motion, and body reinforced each other throughout the development of both disciplines, especially with regard to practices of mathematical formalisation. However, in economics subsequent misuse of conservation principles led to serious blunders in the mathematical formalisation of economic theory. The book attempts to provide the reader with sufficient background in the history of physics in order to appreciate its theses. The discussion is technically detailed and complex, and familiarity with calculus is required.
Rethinking Expertise 豆瓣
作者: Collins, Harry / Evans, Robert University of Chicago Press 2009 - 3
What does it mean to be an expert? In "Rethinking Expertise", Harry Collins and Robert Evans offer a radical new perspective on the role of expertise in the practice of science and the public evaluation of technology. Collins and Evans present a Periodic Table of Expertises based on the idea of tacit knowledge - knowledge that we have but cannot explain. They then look at how some expertises are used to judge others, how laypeople judge between experts, and how credentials are used to evaluate them. Throughout, Collins and Evans ask an important question: how can the public make use of science and technology before there is consensus in the scientific community? This book has wide implications for public policy and for those who seek to understand science and benefit from it.
Technology Matters 豆瓣
作者: David E. Nye The MIT Press 2007 - 8
Technology matters, writes David Nye, because it is inseparable from being human. We have used tools for more than 100,000 years, and their central purpose has not always been to provide necessities. People excel at using old tools to solve new problems and at inventing new tools for more elegant solutions to old tasks. Perhaps this is because we are intimate with devices and machines from an early age--as children, we play with technological toys: trucks, cars, stoves, telephones, model railroads, Playstations. Through these machines we imagine ourselves into a creative relationship with the world. As adults, we retain this technological playfulness with gadgets and appliances--Blackberries, cell phones, GPS navigation systems in our cars.We use technology to shape our world, yet we think little about the choices we are making. In Technology Matters, Nye tackles ten central questions about our relationship to technology, integrating a half-century of ideas about technology into ten cogent and concise chapters, with wide-ranging historical examples from many societies. He asks: Can we define technology? Does technology shape us, or do we shape it? Is technology inevitable or unpredictable? (Why do experts often fail to get it right?)? How do historians understand it? Are we using modern technology to create cultural uniformity, or diversity? To create abundance, or an ecological crisis? To destroy jobs or create new opportunities? Should "the market" choose our technologies? Do advanced technologies make us more secure, or escalate dangers? Does ubiquitous technology expand our mental horizons, or encapsulate us in artifice?These large questions may have no final answers yet, but we need to wrestle with them--to live them, so that we may, as Rilke puts it, "live along some distant day into the answers."
One, Two, Three...Infinity 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: George Gamow Dover Publications 1988 - 9
One of the world's foremost nuclear physicists (celebrated for his theory of radioactive decay, among other accomplishments), George Gamow possessed the unique ability of making the world of science accessible to the general reader.
He brings that ability to bear in this delightful expedition through the problems, pleasures, and puzzles of modern science. Among the topics scrutinized with the author's celebrated good humor and pedagogical prowess are the macrocosm and the microcosm, theory of numbers, relativity of space and time, entropy, genes, atomic structure, nuclear fission, and the origin of the solar system.
In the pages of this book readers grapple with such crucial matters as whether it is possible to bend space, why a rocket shrinks, the "end of the world problem," excursions into the fourth dimension, and a host of other tantalizing topics for the scientifically curious. Brimming with amusing anecdotes and provocative problems, One Two Three . . . Infinity also includes over 120 delightful pen-and-ink illustrations by the author, adding another dimension of good-natured charm to these wide-ranging explorations.
Whatever your level of scientific expertise, chances are you'll derive a great deal of pleasure, stimulation, and information from this unusual and imaginative book. It belongs in the library of anyone curious about the wonders of the scientific universe.
Michael Polanyi and His Generation 豆瓣
作者: Mary Jo Nye University Of Chicago Press 2011 - 9
In "Michael Polanyi and His Generation", Mary Jo Nye investigates the role that Michael Polanyi and several of his contemporaries played in the emergence of the social turn in the philosophy of science. This turn involved seeing science as a socially based enterprise that does not rely on empiricism and reason alone but on social communities, behavioral norms, and personal commitments. Nye argues that the roots of the social turn are to be found in the scientific culture and political events of Europe in the 1930s, when scientific intellectuals struggled to defend the universal status of scientific knowledge and to justify public support for science in an era of economic catastrophe, Stalinism and Fascism, and increased demands for applications of science to industry and social welfare. At the center of this struggle was Polanyi, who Nye contends was one of the first advocates of this new conception of science. Nye reconstructs Polanyi's scientific and political milieus in Budapest, Berlin, and Manchester from the 1910s to the 1950s and explains how he and other natural scientists and social scientists of his generation - including J.D. Bernal, Ludwik Fleck, Karl Mannheim, and Robert K. Merton - and the next, such as Thomas Kuhn, forged a politically charged philosophy of science, one that newly emphasized the social construction of science.
文明之光 (第三册) 豆瓣
8.3 (15 个评分) 作者: 吴军 人民邮电出版社 2015 - 1
【《文明之光》系列荣获由中宣部、中国图书评论学会和中央电视台联合推选的2014“中国好书”奖】
吴军博士从对人类文明产生了重大影响却在过去被忽略的历史故事里,选择了有意思的几十个片段特写,以人文和科技、经济结合的视角,有机地展现了一幅人类文明发展的宏大画卷。
《文明之光 》系列大致按照从地球诞生到近现代的顺序讲述了人类文明进程的各个阶段,每个章节相对独立,全景式地展现了人类文明发展历程中的多样性。
《文明之光》系列第三册讲述了音乐、美术、计算机、互联网、金融、硅谷对世界科技发展的启迪、微粒子和宇宙天文学、环境保护等,共八个专题。
看完这个系列,读者朋友可以体会到,在漫长的历史长河中,人类社会虽然不断遇到一些困难和问题,但人类总是会有办法解决它们,我们要成为一个“理性乐观派”;其次是能够认识到普通人对文明发展的贡献,每个人都可以成为贡献者。
【编辑推荐】
一曲理性乐观者的牧歌 通俗易懂的世界通史入门读物
娓娓道来几十段精彩的文明史片段,闪耀人类文明的三卷赞歌!
作者以人文与科技、经济结合的视角,选取对人类历史发展产生重大影响的人或事件:大航海,文艺复兴,古代罗马,美第奇家族,瓷器,牛顿,爱迪生,航天飞机,原子能,绘画、音乐,计算机时代……透过有趣易懂的故事式的讲解,揭示人类文明不断解决问题、曲折前行的辉煌历程,以及平凡人等对社会进步的巨大贡献。在阅读过程中,读者既能够增长历史知识,也可以体会到人类文明发展历程的多样性。
在具体的讲述上,作者以科学的态度提及不同的观点,并不只执一家之言或是轻易给出一个结论,比如评价宋朝就提到了钱穆、陈寅恪、费正清的不同观点。正是这种贯穿始终的科学态度,让这本书给人启发的同时也令人信服。
万科集团董事长王石先生、美国著名华裔物理学家张首晟教授分别为《文明之光》作序,对本书给予了高度评价。
Longitude 豆瓣
作者: Dava Sobel Bloomsbury USA 2007 - 11
New York Times bestselling author Edward Dolnick brings to light the true story of one of the most pivotal moments in modern intellectual history—when a group of strange, tormented geniuses invented science as we know it, and remade our understanding of the world. Dolnick’s earth-changing story of Isaac Newton, the Royal Society, and the birth of modern science is at once an entertaining romp through the annals of academic history, in the vein of Bill Bryson’s A Short History of Nearly Everything, and a captivating exploration of a defining time for scientific progress, in the tradition of Richard Holmes’ The Age of Wonder.
異數 豆瓣
Outliers: The Story of Success
作者: Malcolm Gladwell 译者: 廖月娟 時報文化 2009 - 1
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美國最具影響力暢銷作家葛拉威爾,繼《引爆趨勢》、《決斷2秒間》,
再創話題旋風,本書甫上市即攻占全美最重要媒體書榜第一名!
成功和你想的不一樣!
天賦、家世、學歷、努力還不夠,之所以超群成為「異數」,還牽涉周遭的人和環境。
能不能成為運動明星,要看你幾月出生;數學好不好,要看祖先是不是種稻。
作者引用大量統計科學辯證,大開我們的視野,重新發現「出身」的意義:
誰能成功,多少人能成功,要看我們生活在什麼樣的社會。
想想看,他們的成功背後隱藏了什麼秘密?
加拿大曲棍球代表隊的明星隊伍,40%的球員都是在1月到3月間出生。
披頭四成名前,從1960年到62年,共去了5趟德國漢堡,在一家脫衣舞夜總會,連續開唱270個晚上的搖滾流水席。
1968年,比爾‧蓋茲13歲,他是當時全世界唯一能夠無限使用最先進電腦分時系統的孩子,此後,他連寫了7年的電腦程式。
紐約最頂尖的律師,他們有幾個共同點:早期歐洲移民後代、生於1930年代的猶太人、父母都是成衣工廠的工人。
根據國際測驗的比較研究,日韓港星與台灣學生的數學能力在全球名列前茅,亞洲人天生具有數學優勢,他們的祖先都種稻。
你從未真正看清楚屬於你的成功!
葛拉威爾說:不是最聰明的人就可以成功,正確的決定或努力不懈,也不能保證;
要成功,除了必須有把握「機會」的智慧、善用特有的「文化」遺澤;
必要時,還得脫離部分的身分,擺脫傳統的束縛。
创世论与进化论的世纪之争 豆瓣
作者: 张增一 中山大学出版社 2006 - 1
这是一部科学思想史著作,作者以翔实的文献资料生动扼要地再现了美国20世纪创世论与进化论激烈之争的经过,乃至一些关键性案件,如“斯科普斯案”、“麦克里恩案”的细节;这又是一部关于科学划界问题的理论性著作,其特点是透过具体案例分析了各种社会群体在不同时期对于科学的不同理解,以揭示这一问题的复杂性和现实意义。不管读者是否同意本书的论点,相信都能受益匪浅。
本书从分析美国新教徒的科学观与19世纪美国知识界对进化论的反应入手,首先探讨了美国创世论运动产生的原因和性质,其结论是,美国的反进化论运动不只是科学与宗教相冲突的表现,也不能简单地将其归结为愚昧无知者的反科学运动,而应该将其理解为不同的科学观念或科学划界标准在特定社会、政治和文化背景下的直接碰撞。
终极时刻 豆瓣
作者: 马丁·里斯 译者: 陈艳艳 / 赵敏 2010 - 4
《终极时刻》主要内容简介:生物恐怖、实验错误以及环境危机威胁到人类在本世纪的前途和命运——无论在地球之上,在地球之外。宇宙学家马丁·里斯长期致力于破解我们宇宙无限复杂的历史,创造了辉煌的职业生涯,如今他对我们的未来之路提出了令人震惊的评判。里斯清晰而准确地描绘了科技进步如何把我们带到了人类历史的崭新疆域——某起恶意或无意的独立事件即可触发全球性灾难的时代。不管是评价我们人类会否被“改造的”经空气传染的病毒击垮,还是阐释原子核碰撞的实验如何会引发毁灭性的连锁反应,《终极时刻》都是一本既有让人叹为观止的科学独创性又有关注生命未来的人性呼唤的杰出作品。
被禁止的历史 豆瓣
Forbidden history : extra terrestrial intervention, prehistoric technologies, and the suppressed origins of civilization
作者: [美] J·道格拉斯·凯尼恩 译者: 周子玉 江苏人民出版社 2011 - 3
《被禁止的历史》由J.道格拉斯•凯尼恩编撰,旨在向现存文明和技术方面的正统科学理论发出挑战。这17位另类科学和技术领域的关键人物为《被禁止的历史》贡献了42篇重量级文章。他们介绍了迄今为止历史上所出现的关于人类文明的起源、灾变以及古代技术等问题,对伟大的史前文明及科学技术的存在提供证据,同时还对一个失落的世界文化源头进行了描述。《被禁止的历史》包涵的主题有:1、生命从何而来:进化论和神创论:2、灾变论:大洪水、冰河世纪与行星轨道的变异;3、现存诸文明的起源:印度、埃及、玛雅……的真实源头;4、消失的文明:亚特兰蒂斯与利莫里亚;5、史前的先进科技:金字塔、宇宙能与银河系天文学;6、外星人对地球文明的干预。