这是一本论述自由人社会的政治组织的书。它的方法论、概念工具以及逻辑分析法，本质上渊源于把这样一种社会的经济组织作为其主题的学科。对于所考虑的各种核心问题，政治学方面的研究者和学者会与我们一样感兴趣，而他们的经济学同行则会与我们一起对此一论题的建构感兴趣。本书将坚定不移地沿着政治经济学的这两大支系之间的神话式的和神秘的边界线展开。本书分为概念框架、社会选择的王国、决策规则分析、民主的经济学与伦理学等组成。值得一阅。

Liberty Fund is proud to present, in two volumes, 'The Collected Works of Armen A Alchian', bringing together Alchian's most influential essays, articles, editorials, and lectures to provide a comprehensive record of his thinking on a broad range of topics in economics. As various and as specific as some of this collection's topics are, they are unified, as editor Daniel K Benjamin writes, by "both a coherent methodology for doing economics, and a view of the world that celebrates the importance of individual liberty." Benjamin goes on to state that, in Alchian's view, "the purpose of theory is never theory in and of itself; it is instead to help individuals understand the world around them."

First Edition, Winner of the prestigious William James Award from the American Psychological Association An understanding of the principles of rational decision making can help students improve the quality of their lives. Intended as an introductory textbook, the material in Rational Choice in an Uncertain World is not only of scholarly interest, but practical as well. Created specifically for courses on judgement and decision-making, this book makes research readily accessible to both undergraduate and graduate students. This Second Edition of the award-winning book, Rational Choice in an Uncertain World (1988) by Robyn M. Dawes, is sure to interest and enlighten students at all levels. This new edition features: * New student friendly chapter introductions as well as conclusions and cross-references between chapters. * Award-winning authors are respected professors with over 30 years of experience in the field. * Practical, everyday examples from such areas as finance, medicine, law, and engineering.* Comprehensive and up-to-date information keep this edition abreast of the changing ideas within the discipline * Additional discussion of the descriptive, psychological models of decision making to expand upon the original emphasis on normative, rational, 'Expected Utility Theory' models. Equipped with this knowledge and an understanding of the principles of rational decision making, both undergraduate and graduate students can help improve the quality of their choices and, thus, their life.

在《简捷启发式让我们更精明》中，作者开宗明义地指出，人类和动物的理性是有限的（既不是非理性的，又不是纯理性的），但这种有限理性已足以使他们在现实环境中作出合理判断和决策。现实环境并不苛求人类和动物，也就是说并不要求人类和动物时时处处都作出最优化选择和决策，所以任何人都不必为自己理性资源的有限而忐忑不安。相反，那种奢望通过无限理性实现最优化目标的理想主义者反而是不合时宜的！这并不是说《简捷启发式让我们更精明》作者希望无限制地降低人类理性的目标，将人类还原到低等动物的理性水平。他们对理性的最低要求是：能够与现实环境（包括自然和社会环境）的要求相匹配！当它能够做到这一点时，从生态学角度看就已经足够了。这种理性被称为“生态理性”。一个重要的假设是：有机体是否有理性或其作出的判断和决策是否合理，应该用现实的外在标准来判断，而不是用唯智论者所推崇的不切实际的理想标准来判断。不存在与现实环境相脱离的不着边际的抽象理性，如果有，它对有机体适应现实环境也是毫无价值的。只有当与环境的现实要求结合起来考察人类和动物理性时，才能找到评判理性的合理标准，这个标准就是“生态合理性”。
提出一种观点是容易的，展开和证明一种观点却是困难的。难能可贵的是，适应行为与认知研究组从上述关于人类理性的基本观点出发，形成了连贯严密的研究方案，并从诸多学科领域为其观点累积了丰富证据。既然只有当理性被付诸实际使用时，才具有适应价值，才能提供评判它的机会，于是《简捷启发式让我们更精明》作者首先从两个方面对有机体需要使用理性资源加以解决的现实问题作了分类：首先，他们按照有机体通常面对的认知问题将有关任务分为选择、记忆、数量估计、归类等类别；其次，他们按照现实生活中有机体面对的现实适应性问题将有关任务分为食物选择、配偶选择、父母投资以及从动作推断意图等类别。如果说人类和动物的理性是有限的，那么当面临上述诸多现实任务时，他们就应该且必须采用简捷而“精明”的方法来配置和使用其资源；如果说人类和动物的理性具有生态合理性的话，那么也只有在他们“精明地”配置和使用其有限理性资源时，才能够做到这一点。所以，“有限理性”和“生态理性”这两个术语成了适应行为与认知研究组的中心概念，它们双双携手使得有机体在现实环境中采用“快速节俭的”简捷启发式成为必要。有机体是否采用简捷启发式呢？他们可能采用哪些简捷启发式呢？他们何时采用简捷启发式呢？简捷启发式在现实环境中的成效如何呢？弄清楚了这些问题，关于有限理性和生态理性的命题也就得到了检验。正由于如此，对这些问题的回答构成了《简捷启发式让我们更精明》的主要内容。

Economic and Political Concepts includes: Animal Spirits by George A. Akerlof and Robert J. Shiller
Learn how irrational emotional factors influence markets. Power and Plenty by Ronald Findlay and Kevin H. O'Rourke
Learn how global trade has evolved over the past 1,000 years. The New Financial Order by Robert J. Shiller
Learn how advances in information technology can help manage major economic risks. The Subprime Solution by Robert J. Shiller
Learn how the mortgage crisis developed and how to prevent such crises in the future. The Soulful Science by Diane Coyle
Learn the latest economic research and how it is being utilized by economists today. The Myth of the Rational Voter by Bryan Caplan
Learn why economic education for the average voter is important for democracy. Lawlessness and Economics by Avinash K. Dixit
Learn how some economies can function with minimal legal systems. From Higher Aims to Hired Hands by Rakesh Khurana
Learn the history of the modern business school and how it impacts the economy. The Difference by Scott E. Page
Learn how diversity brings benefit to organizations. A Farewell to Alms by Gregory Clark
Learn how culture has influenced economic growth throughout civilization's history.

华尔街从来不缺著书立传者，尤其是在金融危机后，各种原因分析、漏洞指陈的书籍一打又一打，但是他们都无法和拉詹的《断层线》相提并论，因为拉詹是为数极少的几个在金融危机前就预言风暴即将来临的经济学家！
美国《外交政策》杂志公布了“2010年度全球思想家”榜单，沃伦•巴菲特、比尔•盖茨领衔全球100名政治、经济、环保领域精英位列其上。该杂志今年首创“全球思想家读书俱乐部”，要求这些“全球最聪明的人”列出最近阅读的书单。而《断层线》名列榜首。
在这本书中，“厄运预言博士”拉古拉迈•拉詹挑明了一点——金融危机的始作俑者不是贪婪的银行家、沉睡的监管者、不负责任的借款人，而是 “全球收入的不平衡”！ “金融崩溃的始作俑者是滞涨的收入和不断攀升物价之间的不平衡。”
拉詹还警告世人：我们的经济中存在着严重的缺陷，如果这些缺陷不能得到修补，那么一场潜在的更具毁灭性的危机正在等着我们！
拉古拉迈•拉詹给中国经济开出的药方虽然简单，却直击“要害”：中国的总体储蓄率近几年来之所以上升，是因为中国公司的收益和储蓄在增加。中国家庭消费之所以低，是因为中国家庭的收入在GDP中占据的比例远低于其他国家。如果中国要重新平衡增长，政府就必须开始善待家庭！

金融危机当前,学点货币理论
易宪容(中国社会科学院金融发展室主任，北京)
莫瑞·罗斯巴德作为现代奥地利经济学派的旗手，尽管没有摘取到世俗所认为的现代经济学皇冠上的明珠，即诺贝尔经济学奖，但是，他开创的恢弘的经济思想体系将成为经济学思想不断的泉源。他作为当代经济学家中一个通才型的学者，从现实生活的点点滴滴入手，从行为的基本公理推演出了他的整个经济体系，表现出了经济学思想的永恒魅力及智慧。从这个意义上说，这正是罗斯巴德经济学生命之树常青的原因所在。
罗斯巴德的著作甚丰，有《人、经济与国家》、《美国大萧条》、《银行业的神话》等，这些著作都以深入浅出的方式道出了一个个深奥的经济问题。而摆在我们面前的这本书就是罗斯巴德著作中充满创造性思想的一本杰作。这本书从1963年首次出版发行后，连续多次再版，并被翻译成了多种文字。对广大读者来说，这本书是一本标准的货币理论启蒙读物。它以最浅显的语言、最鲜明的观点，把最抽象的货币理论的概念活灵活现地展现在读者面前，让所有的抽象概念都具象化，让读者感觉到原来如此抽象的货币问题就发生在你我之间，就发生在人们日常的经济交往中。
但是，具象化的货币并非只是我们日常生活中的“钱”，也并非只是一张张我们手中持有的纸币，更并非只是由政府来印制的钞票。通货膨胀也不只是物价的上涨，它不仅有其前因后果，还包含谁能够获利，谁又在通货膨胀中利益受损；谁喜欢通货膨胀，谁又不喜欢通货膨胀等问题。还有，货币一定是政府提供的吗？如果政府不提供货币，还可以通过什么方式来产生货币？如果政府来提供货币，它对金融市场会有什么影响？再就是，现代金融市场建立以来，为什么金融危机不断，其原因又何在？人类能够找到一条减少或避免这种金融危机不断发生的方式吗？等等。这些金融学上深奥的问题通过罗斯巴德的笔娓娓道来，即使从来不接触金融学的人，也会对金融学与货币理论的知识豁然领悟。
在罗斯巴德看来，在一个自由市场中，货币并不是什么组织或政府安排的，而是源于自由市场选择作为交换媒介的某种有用商品，其关键在于一般商品的“不可分割性”和“没有自己想要的东西”。假如一个人想用犁换几样不同的东西，像鸡蛋、面包和一套衣服，那么他该怎么做呢？他如何把犁大卸八块，将其中一部分交给农夫，剩下的给裁缝？就算东西可以分割，也不太可能让想交换的人同时找到对方，假设A想卖鸡蛋，B有一双鞋，如果A想要的是衣服，怎么可以硬是把两人凑到一起来交换呢？也就是说，由于具体商品交易的不可分割性及交易者交易的愿望，也就有了出现间接交易的需要。
这种间接交易，在尝试错误的过程中大幅扩充了经济的途径，成为现代经济文明发展的基础。因为在间接交换的机制下，你把东西卖掉后，换来的并非直接所需，将它卖掉才能得到真正想要的。这样，货币就在这种间接交换中产生了。这种对货币产生的解释具体、实在，交易者都可触、可摸、可感、可知，这样，发生在我们身边的货币理论就容易理解了。可以说，在本书中，罗斯巴德就是用这样的方式，把货币起源、货币性质、货币单位、货币功能等方面讨论得清清楚楚、一目了然。
本书对通货膨胀的解释并没有放在通货膨胀的产生、类型及治理上，而是放在通货膨胀对广大人民利益的影响上。在罗斯巴德看来，通货膨胀好比赛跑，看谁最先拿到新钱。先拿到钱者是那些与政治权力较近的人。因此，通货膨胀是政府的一种意愿，往往同政府权力的远近有关。离政府的权力越近，拿到新钱就越早，那么这些早入者受到通货膨胀的影响就越小。而因为通货膨胀惨遭损失的后知后觉者，显然比其他人晚取得新钱，受害最大。这些人不仅与政府权力远，而且都是依赖固定合约获得收益，而这些合约是在价格因通货膨胀而上涨前就签订的。因此，当通货膨胀出现时，这些人的利益首先受到损害，受到的伤害也最大。
正是从这个意义上说，通货膨胀表面上创造了经济的繁荣，但实际上则损害了广大人民的生活。同时，通货膨胀不仅改变了整个市场的经济预期，也成了掠夺广大民众财富的工具。而在这个过程中，与政治权力密切相关的利益集团获利最大，从而从根本上证明了通货膨胀对社会的危害性、对广大居民财富的掠夺性。正如罗斯巴德所言，通货膨胀（货币替代品增加，而没有相应金属货币存量的增加）从来对社会没有好处，只是牺牲一群人的利益来造福另一群人。通货膨胀是用欺诈的方式侵犯他人财产，在自由市场中是不会发生的，这就是现代社会通货膨胀的实质所在。
本书以布雷顿森林体系的瓦解为结尾，并且预言未来还将出现汇率的持续波动、债务的急剧增加、通货膨胀、危机、救市，以及对货币和信贷进行更集中控制的政治方面的冲动。事实上，近几年国际金融市场所发生的事情表明，国际金融市场的巨大波动无不是各国政府对金融市场过度干预和管制的结果。在各国国家政府对国际金融无所不能的管制过程中，不同的利益集团就会以不同的利益金融管制方式不完全地攫取或掠夺他人的利益，从而造成整个国际金融市场一个又一个的利益不平衡，而这种利益不平衡正是造成国际金融市场剧烈波动与危机的结果。
还有，罗斯巴德秉承奥地利学派的基本精神，一直保持着对政府干预市场的警惕。在他看来，政府对市场的干预不仅根本不能保护货币，而且反而会威胁到货币体系本身的完整性。政府的干预导致更多的弊端和更加严重的不稳定性。因此，政府的货币政策在货币体系中起到的作用是负面的，它只是为与政府组织紧密相关的利益集团对我们的社会采取集权控制打开了方便之门，这也是导致现代经济危机、货币危机和金融危机的根源。在本书中，罗斯巴德用西方世界出现的货币崩溃的简短历史作为例证，对此进行了生动的描述。
总之，这是一本绝大多数人都能轻松读下去的通俗的货币理论普及读物，但它并不是简单性的知识介绍，而是以深入浅出的方式，把最深奥的货币理论以最简单的方式表达出来，让读者对一般的货币理论可触、可感、可知，并从个体的日常生活中体悟到现代金融理论的真谛。
——转自《南方都市报》(日期：[2008年10月12日] 版次：[GB22] 版名：[阅读周刊 社科])http://epaper.nddaily.com/C/html/2008-10/12/content_595281.htm

《NAFMII金融译丛·银行的秘密:揭开美联储的神秘面纱(第2版)》内容简介：当更多的人把金融危机的根源锁定在人的贪婪原罪时，罗斯巴德把思考的重点放在了政府与货币的关系上，并指出货币垄断才是构成经济危机的核心。所以，当经济危机来临，那种指望政府救市的理念和措施，不仅无助于市场的完善，甚至会拉长经济危机的期限。

A pioneering urban economist offers fascinating, even inspiring proof that the city is humanity's greatest invention and our best hope for the future.
America is an urban nation. More than two thirds of us live on the 3 percent of land that contains our cities. Yet cities get a bad rap: they're dirty, poor, unhealthy, crime ridden, expensive, environmentally unfriendly... Or are they?
As Edward Glaeser proves in this myth-shattering book, cities are actually the healthiest, greenest, and richest (in cultural and economic terms) places to live. New Yorkers, for instance, live longer than other Americans; heart disease and cancer rates are lower in Gotham than in the nation as a whole. More than half of America's income is earned in twenty-two metropolitan areas. And city dwellers use, on average, 40 percent less energy than suburbanites.
Glaeser travels through history and around the globe to reveal the hidden workings of cities and how they bring out the best in humankind. Even the worst cities-Kinshasa, Kolkata, Lagos- confer surprising benefits on the people who flock to them, including better health and more jobs than the rural areas that surround them. Glaeser visits Bangalore and Silicon Valley, whose strangely similar histories prove how essential education is to urban success and how new technology actually encourages people to gather together physically. He discovers why Detroit is dying while other old industrial cities-Chicago, Boston, New York-thrive. He investigates why a new house costs 350 percent more in Los Angeles than in Houston, even though building costs are only 25 percent higher in L.A. He pinpoints the single factor that most influences urban growth-January temperatures-and explains how certain chilly cities manage to defy that link. He explains how West Coast environmentalists have harmed the environment, and how struggling cities from Youngstown to New Orleans can "shrink to greatness." And he exposes the dangerous anti-urban political bias that is harming both cities and the entire country.
Using intrepid reportage, keen analysis, and eloquent argument, Glaeser makes an impassioned case for the city's import and splendor. He reminds us forcefully why we should nurture our cities or suffer consequences that will hurt us all, no matter where we live.

A third edition of The Stages of Economic Growth brings this classic work up to date with current economic and political changes. In a new preface and appendix, Professor Rostow extends his analysis to include recent economic and political developments as well as the advances in theory concerning nonlinear and chaotic phenomena. For those coming to his work for the first time, the original text and the introductions and appendices from earlier editions are included. This volume will not only be of interest to those concerned with the theory of economic growth, but also to students of policy since the 1960s. In the text Professor Rostow gives an account of economic growth based on a dynamic theory of production and interpreted in terms of actual societies. Five basic stages of economic growth are distinguished with detailed discussions of each stage including illustrative examples. He also applies the concept of stages of growth to an examination of the problems of military aggression and the nuclear arms race. The final chapter includes a comparison of his non-communist manifesto with Marxist theory. Materials from the second edition include an appendix in which he responds to some of his critics.

《国外经济学名著译丛•经济增长的阶段:非共产党宣言》是美国知名学者罗斯托的一部重要著作。作者考察了世界范围内处于不同发展阶段的国家，在现代社会经济发展过程中从传统社会经过创造起飞前的条件，到起飞和走向成熟的历史；为经济增长理论以及整个现代化史理论的研究，提供了可借鉴的分 析方法。该书在1960年英文版首次问世时即引起很大反响，被誉为现代经济史上的名著。

As the stock market crash of 1929 plunged the world into turmoil, two men emerged with competing claims on how to restore balance to economies gone awry. John Maynard Keynes, the mercurial Cambridge economist, believed that government had a duty to spend when others would not. He met his opposite in a little-known Austrian economics professor, Freidrich Hayek, who considered attempts to intervene both pointless and potentially dangerous. The battle lines thus drawn, Keynesian economics would dominate for decades and coincide with an era of unprecedented prosperity, but conservative economists and political leaders would eventually embrace and execute Hayek's contrary vision. From their first face-to-face encounter to the heated arguments between their ardent disciples, Nicholas Wapshott here unearths the contemporary relevance of Keynes and Hayek, as present-day arguments over the virtues of the free market and government intervention rage with the same ferocity as they did in the 1930s.

A new approach to science has recently developed. It is called the complexity approach. A number of researchers, such as Brian Arthur and Buz Brock, have used this approach to consider issues in economics. This volume considers the complexity approach to economics from a history of thought and methodological perspectives. It finds that the ideas underlying complexity have been around for a long time, and that this new work in complexity has many precursors in the history of economic thought. This book consists of twelve studies on the issue of complexity and the history of economic thought. The studies relate complexity to the ideas of specific economists such as Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Alfred Marshall and Ragnar Frisch, as well as to specific schools of thought such as the Austrian and Institutionalist schools. The result of looking a the history of economic thought from a complexity perspective not only gives us additional insight into the complexity vision, it also gives insight into the history of economic thought. When that history is viewed from a complexity perspective, the rankings of past economists change. Smith and Hayek move up in the rankings while Ricardo moves down.

is established as the leading reference work in the field. The second edition retains many individual classic essays of enduring importance from its predecessor and includes one thousand new or heavily revised articles. Written by over 1,500 eminent contributors, the Dictionary will contain 1,900 articles and 5.7million words. Published in eight print volumes and for the first time in
bringing substantial benefits to users, the second edition will be the definitive scholarly reference work for a new generation of economists.

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赫尔普曼为我们理解经济增长做出了十分重要的贡献。在《经济增长的秘密》这本书中，他回顾和评估了我们已经学过的东西，书中的每一页都闪耀着博学和睿智的光芒。——施莱弗，哈佛大学经济学教授，《并非有效的市场——行为金融学导论》一书的作者
诸如此类的问题所包含的对于人类福利的影响简直令人惊讶；一旦一个人开始思考经济增长问题，他就不会再考虑其他任何问题。——卢卡斯，诺贝尔经济学奖获得者

Lawrence Boland takes issue with both economic methodologists and practicing economists. He argues that there has been too much 'methodology for methodology's sake' and that mainstream economics might benefit by using methodology to take a critical look at economic theory.

Free to Choose (1980) is a book and a ten-part television series broadcast on public television by economists Milton and Rose D. Friedman that advocates free market principles.
Free to Choose: A Personal Statement maintains that the free market works best for all members of a society, provides examples of how the free market engenders prosperity, and maintains that it can solve problems where other approaches have failed. Published in January 1980, the 297 page book contains 10 chapters.
Milton Friedman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1976. Contrary to normal practice the book was written after the TV series was produced, although the line "Basis for the acclaimed public television triumph" is written on the front cover, using the program transcripts as reference. The book was on the United States best sellers list for 5 weeks.
PBS telecast the series, beginning in January 1980; the general format was that of Dr. Friedman visiting and narrating a number of success and failure stories in history, which Dr. Friedman attributes to capitalism or the lack thereof (e.g. Hong Kong is commended for its free markets, while India is excoriated for relying on centralized planning especially for its protection of its traditional textile industry). Following the primary show, Dr. Friedman would engage in discussion with a number of selected persons, such as Donald Rumsfeld (then of G.D. Searle & Company).
The series was rebroadcast in 1990 with Linda Chavez moderating the episodes. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Ronald Reagan, Steve Allen and others give personal introductions for each episode in the series. This time, after the documentary part, Friedman sits down with a single opponent to debate the issues raised in the episode.

《常识》简介：美国是第一次产生伟大民主共和国思想的地方。没有一个人知道他（潘恩）的尸骨散落在何处，可是他的原则并没有安息，他的思想虽然也同他的遗骸一样难以追寻，却已传遍了他魂牵梦绕的整个世界。他有《常识》，反抗那时的政治传统；他有《人权论》，反抗社会传统；他有《土地正义论》，反抗的是经济传统；最后有《理性时代》，反抗的是宗教传统。这样一来，他就把那个年头能得罪的人类权势力量都得罪完了，他从地上打到天上，横扫俗界国王之后，又向灵界国王宣战，最后激起天怨人怒，自然落个遗骨飘零，死无葬身之地的悲惨下场。