姐妹爬山各自努力 - 标记
A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius 豆瓣
作者: Dave Eggers Picador 2007 - 9
'Heartbreaking? Certainly. Staggering? Yes, I'd say so. And if genius is capturing the universal in a fresh and memorable way, call it that too' Anthony Quinn, Sunday Times 'Is this how all orphans would speak "I am at once pitiful and monstrous, I know" if they had Dave Eggers's prodigious linguistic gifts? For he does write wonderfully, and this is an extremely impressive debut' John Banville, Irish Times 'A virtuosic piece of writing, a big, daring, manic-depressive stew of a book that noisily announces the debut of a talented yes, staggeringly talented new writer' Michiko Kakutani, New York Times 'Exhilarating ...Profoundly moving, occasionally angry and often hilarious ...A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius is, finally, a finite book of jest, which is why it succeeds so brilliantly' New York Times Book Review 'What is really shocking and exciting is the book's sheer rage. AHWOSG is truly ferocious, like any work of genius. Eggers self-reliant, transcendent, expansive is Emerson's ideal Young American. [The book] does itself justice: it is a settling of accounts. And it is almost too good to be believed' London Review of Books 'A hilarious book ...In it, literary gamesmanship and self-consciousness are trained on life's most unendurable experience, used to examine a memory too scorching to stare at, as one views an eclipse by projecting sunlight onto paper through a pinhole' Time 'Eggers evokes the terrible beauty of youth like a young Bob Dylan, frothing with furious anger . ..He takes us close, shows us as much as he can bear ...His book is a comic and moving witness that transcends and transgresses formal boundaries' Washington Post
2012年2月29日 想读
社会学家与历史学家 豆瓣
Le sociologue et l'historien
9.3 (15 个评分) 作者: 【法】皮埃尔•布尔迪厄 / 【法】罗杰•夏蒂埃 译者: 马胜利 北京大学出版社 2012 - 2
1988年,历史学家罗杰·夏蒂埃在法国文化电台接待了社会学家皮埃尔·布尔迪厄,同他进行了五次对话。本书全文收录了这五次对话,并将其再现于当时的知识和政治背景中。这些对话既表现了他们之间的默契,也反映出他们对相互差异的清醒认识。社会学家与历史学家就他们各自的学科及其社会作用展开了较量。
2002年初,布尔迪厄突然去世。法国文化电台重播了这五期节目,以示缅怀。
2012年2月22日 想读
哲学研究 豆瓣
Philosophische Untersuchungen
8.8 (18 个评分) 作者: [奥地利] 路德维希·维特根斯坦 译者: 陈嘉映 上海人民出版社 2005 - 5
《哲学研究》讲述了:在西方哲学史上,维特根斯坦是唯一创造了两种不同哲学而又各自产生重大影响的哲学家。前期以《逻辑哲学论》为代表,后者则以《哲学研究》为象征。《哲学研究》告别了传统西方哲学以理想语言为基础、试图探索语言本质的静态逻辑构造论,重新将语言哲学捡回到日常语言中,将语言的实际运用、语言的功能作用作为出发点。他所提出的“语言游戏”和“家族类似”对语言哲学的发展贡献基本。《哲学研究》译者陈嘉映为海德格尔《存在与时间》的译者。《哲学研究》直接译自维氏的德文原本,因而是迄今中国最贴切、最准确的这一哲学名著的译本。
2012年2月18日 想读
Developing Effective Research Proposals 豆瓣
作者: Dr Keith F Punch Sage Publications Ltd 2006 - 10
Successful research requires effective and thorough preparation. In this expanded and updated Second Edition of Developing Effective Research Proposals Keith Punch offers an indispensable guide to the issues involved in proposal development and in presenting a well-considered plan for the execution of research. Dealing with both qualitative and quantitative approaches to empirical research across the social sciences, the Second Edition comprehensively covers the topics and concerns relevant to the subject and is organized around three central themes: What is a research proposal, who reads proposals and why?; How can we go about developing a proposal?; and What might a finished proposal look like?New features of this edition include: - Expanded sections covering research strategy, research planning and academic writing - Examples of successful research proposals from across the social science disciplines - A more comprehensive discussion of ethics - A brand new glossary and chapter summaries The Second Edition will be welcomed by all those preparing or evaluating research proposals, and will be invaluable across all areas of social science, both basic and applied, and for students undertaking quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method studies.
2012年2月17日 想读
Young Ludwig 豆瓣
作者: Brian McGuinness Oxford University Press, USA 2005 - 6
Ludwig Wittgenstein is universally recognized as one of the most original and influential philosophers of his age and as a personality of great magnetism and power. Not all who recognize his importance admire him or approve of it; his life and work are both surrounded by controversy. In this welcome reissue of his classic biographical study, complete with a brand-new Preface, Brian McGuinness traces the early years of this fascinating figure and examines the formative influences which shaped his extraordinary life.
2012年1月8日 想读
别样的色彩 豆瓣
8.8 (10 个评分) 作者: [土耳其] 奥尔罕·帕慕克 译者: 宗笑飞 / 林边水 上海人民出版社 2011 - 3
一些帕慕克自称“小说无法表达”的想法、影像和片断,成就这部《别样的色彩》,他的第一部“碎片式组合集”。一部通过记忆、遐想、素描、访谈与旅行,展现作者多个自我的优美篇章,向我们透露出更多你不了解的帕慕克。帕慕克回忆了他拥有的第一本护照、他的第一次欧洲之行、女儿如梦的小时候,还讲到自己父亲的过世,谈及他不久前的官司,以及他所亲历的1999年伊斯坦布尔大地震。还写到了几位对他影响深远的作家,如劳伦斯·斯特恩、陀思妥耶夫斯基、纳博科夫,以及略萨…… 当然,少不了伊斯坦布尔和纽约,那是他所有作品成形的地方。伊斯坦布尔是他的起点与归宿,而他在纽约生活过两年。一部帕慕克三十年创作生涯的个人精选集,展现出独特视角下,作者倾其一生对孤独、满足、书籍与城市的执迷。
2012年1月6日 想读
巴赞传 豆瓣
Andre Bazin
作者: [美] 达德利·安德鲁 译者: 张田 / 张立 新星出版社 2011 - 4
《巴赞传》是法国电影理论家、批评家安德烈.巴赞的传记,由美国著名电影学者达德利.安德鲁所著,是目前华语世界第一本巴赞传记,书中讲述了巴赞为电影的一生,以及对战后新浪潮一代的影响和思想上的互动,被誉为唯一准确而真实描绘巴赞形象的著作。
2011年12月27日 想读
凝望·時代 豆瓣
作者: 張靚蓓 / 陳少維 (攝影) 田園城市 2011 - 7
沉甸的時代投以無聲凝望,
我們一同穿越了那時代最細膩而悠長的風景
二十年前的台灣電影新浪潮運動,在《悲情城市》獲得第四十六屆威尼斯金獅獎達到最高潮;作為在國際影展上第一部代表台灣發聲的電影,《悲情城市》蘊含了開創性的影像美學、當時禁忌的政治題材,以及那個時代的細膩紋理與氣味。作為電影文本,《悲情城市》創造了電影藝術的高度,也設立了時代的里程碑。
而成就這部電影的,共同創造出電影中每一段影像、不管是畫面裡或外的人們在無數個夜晚白天激烈討論激盪;彼此磨合、創造出每一個細節的專注目光;創作的漫長路途中來來去去的背影,共享收穫一刻、最真摯的眼淚;還有更多說不完、說不滿的風景,都只在這電影背後無聲經過。
然而這些,才真正是對那個時代最最白描的底蘊片段……
那,才是這個故事要繼續延續下去的,最真實的創作者們的人生。
本書特色
本書除了電影《悲情城市》最重要的十六位幕後人員訪談外,另外收錄超過一百幀由當時的電影劇照師陳少維所側拍的黑白攝影,完整呈現電影的時空氛圍;另外亦由資深電影人張華坤、褚明仁等提供當年威尼斯影展資料與頒獎影像。
資深影評人黃建業、聞天翔為序推薦;書末收錄陳儒修、黃建宏兩篇重量級評論。
2011年12月27日 想读
The Thick of It 豆瓣
作者: Armando Iannucci / Jesse Armstrong Faber and Faber 2010 - 11
‘It’s the kind of f***-up that would normally have Malcolm Tucker, Number 10’s Communications Director, the master of spin and the “Matrix” spitting blood ... No, the guilty party in this instance is none other than Tucker himself. The man who likes to keep an iron grip on every news item in the media and every policy announcement that comes out of the government, has only gone and LEFT A CONFIDENTIAL FILE ON A TRAIN: The DoSAC Files.’ Based around the idea that King of Spin Malcolm Tucker has lost a confidential and highly-damaging file on a train, this book is a collection of highly sensitive documents: personnel files, policy drafts, letters and emails, transcripts of phone calls, election campaign documents and top secret papers on the government’s media strategy for wars and recessions. There are also more personal documents such as the early drafts of Tucker’s diary, in no legal condition for publication. It’s explosive stuff, which could end careers on both sides, including Tucker’s own… From the team behind the award-winning and phenomenally successful The Thick Of It, and the Oscar-nominated In The Loop, comes the official tie-in book, The DoSAC Files. Written by the show’s creator Armando Iannucci along with his co-writers Jesse Armstrong, Tony Roche, Simon Blackwell and swearing consultant Ian Martin, The DoSAC Files looks set to be the political satire event of the year.
2011年12月24日 想读
獄中書-致妻子奧爾嘉 豆瓣
作者: 瓦茨拉夫.哈維爾 译者: 張勇進、陳生洛等 傾向
哈維爾總統是西方國家讚譽「最具人性主義色彩」的領導人。他運用智慧和創造力,與獄方鬥智角力,突破嚴厲審查,深入談論著人的存在、內心世界、信仰的性質、人的責任感等,發掘出沉潛心靈深底的吶喊。

了解哈維爾最好的方式莫過於閱讀這些寫獄中的信,許多信件中有著對身體狀況和個人心境極其細節化的細緻描述。他那一板一眼的生活要求,他對友人的掛念和對友情的緬懷,他那與生俱來的靦腆,他感嘆著自己「基本上是一個社交型的人,而寫作是一年最孤獨的事..」,他那喜歡的朋友、充滿對朋友的惦念、渴望和友人相聚的天性,都使我們如晤其人地感受到一個真性情的哈維爾,一個看似隨和、實則固執──擇善固執的哈維爾。通過言些信件,我們將深切感受到,對於一個身陷囹圄的人,家人的信件、妻子的探監、友人片言隻語的問候,甚至輾轉抵達的遙遠喜訊,都不可或缺,這一切是多麼的重要。
(摘自博客來網路書店)
2011年12月21日 想读
詩人政治家哈維爾 豆瓣
作者: 埃達·克里索娃 译者: 宮雲玲、劉匯琪、曹乃雲 時報出版社 1994 - 11
哈維爾諦聽著語言。他剖析世界和語言的關係,語言或者字彙是否具有「教育」作用?在他看來,語言就是圖畫,由此產生實踐。為此,他首先發現「權貴們的無力」,從而剝下了統治者們的畫皮。
目錄
哈維爾的戲劇世界 伊日.格魯薩
.楔子
.尋找遭禁者
.奧爾嘉
.第一次公開亮相
.《致梅林的信》及四二社
.服兵役
.家庭精神
.外祖父瓦夫雷契卡
.第一批劇作
.出身:資產階級
.格蘭德劇院
.揚.格羅斯曼和《園遊會》
.《人物》雜誌
.在寄宿學校
.1968年及「正常化」的開始
.哈維爾一家與國家安全
.致古斯塔夫.胡薩克的公開信
.在波切尼斯的《流氓歌劇》
.對「塑膠人」的訴訟
.綁架孩子
.揚.帕托奇卡
.三王被捕
.七七憲章
.第一次監禁
.鐵路員工舞會
.耶穌受難劇
.陰謀的會面
.瓦謝克和密探
.軟禁
.父親之死
.「危害共和國」
.在獄中
.《寄給奧爾嘉的信》
.重獲自由
.悲愴的廣板
.監視人員
.捷克的浮士德
.公眾民主
.揚.帕拉赫之週
.歷史將重新撰寫
.公民論壇
.神奇劇院
.失敗的對話
.總統
.人物簡介
後記
卷尾語:瓦茨拉夫.哈維爾
2011年12月21日 想读
來自遠方的拷問 豆瓣
9.2 (5 个评分) 作者: [捷克] 瓦茨拉夫·哈维尔 译者: 貝嶺 / 羅然 傾向 2003 - 1
哈維爾寫於二十世紀六○年代的那些「荒誕」戲劇的真正意義,正是對語言的「徹底去神秘化」。這些戲劇展示了一個世界,在這個世界�,言語沒有意義,或者說與一般公認的意義不同,也或者說是一些帷幕,在它們的後面,現實已經消亡。1968年後,當哈維爾被逐出那家戲院並被禁止繼續從事他對語言的文學探索時,他把自己的生活轉變為莊嚴的對官方語言的去神秘化:他成了「七七憲章」運動背後的主要推動者、它的創始人和發言人之一。
2011年12月21日 想读
南疆故事 豆瓣
作者: 王有才 新疆人民出版社 2003
《南疆故事》由新疆人民出版社出版,内容包括:老骑兵的麦西莱甫、英雄末年、“懒汉公园”风情、乡里生活、从哪里上天堂、披满尘埃的诺言、墓地守望者、鹰翔冰山、库木代尔瓦札三日、落雪纷扬麦盖提、一个女人的两种故事、《南疆故事》作品研讨会纪要等。
2011年12月21日 想读
a Short History of Tractors in UKRAINIAN 豆瓣
作者: Marina Lewycka Penguin 2006 - 3
Two years after my mother died, my father fell in love with a glamourous blonde Ukrainian divorcee. He was eighty-four and she was thirty-six. She exploded into our lives like a fluffy pink grenade, churning up the murky water, bringing to the surface a sludge of sloughed-off memories, giving the family ghosts a kick up the backside.' Sisters Vera and Nadezhda must put aside a lifetime of feuding to save their emigre engineer father from voluptuous gold-digger Valentina. With her proclivity for green satin underwear and boil-in-the-bag cuisine, she will stop at nothing in her pursuit of Western wealth. But the sisters' campaign to oust Valentina unearths family secrets, uncovers fifty years of Europe's darkest history and sends them back to roots they'd much rather forget...
2011年11月8日 想读
The Order of Things 豆瓣
Les Mots et les Choses. Une archéologie des sciences humaines
作者: Michel Foucault Vintage 1994 - 3
When one defines order as a sorting of priorities, it becomes beautifully clear as to what Foucault is doing here. With virtuoso showmanship, he weaves an intensely complex history of thought. He dips into literature, art, economics and even biology in The Order of Things, possibly one of the most significant, yet most overlooked, works of the twentieth century. Eclipsed by his later work on power and discourse, nonetheless it was The Order of Things that established Foucault's reputation as an intellectual giant. Pirouetting around the outer edge of language, Foucault unsettles the surface of literary writing. In describing the limitations of our usual taxonomies, he opens the door onto a whole new system of thought, one ripe with what he calls exotic charm. Intellectual pyrotechnics from the master of critical thinking, this book is crucial reading for those who wish to gain insight into that odd beast called Postmodernism, and a must for any fan of Foucault.
2011年10月7日 想读
The Forest and the Trees 豆瓣
作者: Johnson, Allan 2008 - 3
If sociology could teach everyone just one thing, what would it be? "The Forest and the Trees" is one sociologist's response to the hypothetical - the core insight with the greatest potential to change how people see the world and themselves in relation to it. This revised and updated edition features: a new chapter that brings together the various aspects of the sociological model described in previous chapters with a detailed application to the origins of racism; a discussion of how individuals can participate in social change by stepping off paths of least resistance; and, the addition of graphics to illustrate the sociological model of systems and individuals.
2011年9月20日 想读
Critical Mass 豆瓣
作者: Philip Ball Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2006 - 5
Are there "natural laws" that govern the ways in which humans behave and organize themselves, just as there are physical laws that govern the motions of atoms and planets? Unlikely as it may seem, such laws now seem to be emerging from attempts to bring the tools and concepts of physics into the social sciences. These new discoveries are part of an old tradition. In the seventeenth century the philosopher Thomas Hobbes, dismayed by the impending civil war in England, decided that he would work out what kind of government was needed for a stable society. His solution sparked a new way of thinking about human behavior in looking for the "scientific" rules of society. Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant, Auguste Comte, and John Stuart Mill pursued this idea from different political perspectives. But these philosophers lacked the tools that modern physics can now bring to bear on the matter. Philip Ball shows how, by using these tools, we can understand many aspects of mass human behavior. Once we recognize that we do not make most of our decisions in isolation but are affected by what others decide, we can start to discern a surprising and perhaps even disturbing predictability in our laws, institutions, and customs. Lively and compelling, "Critical Mass "is the first book to bring these new ideas together and to show how they fit within the broader historical context of a rational search for better ways to live. Philip Ball majored in chemistry at Oxford University and received a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Bristol. He is now a writer and consulting editor for "Nature." He is the author of "Life's Matrix": " A Biography of Water"; "Bright Earth": " Art and the Invention of Color," which was nominated for a National Book Critics Circle Award; and "The Devil's Doctor." He lives in London, England, with his wife. Winner of the Aventis Prize "Critical Mass" asks the question, Why is society the way it is? How does it emerge from a morass of individual interactions? Are there laws of nature that guide human affairs? Is anything inevitable about the ways humans behave and organize themselves, or do we have complete freedom in creating our societies? In short, just how, in human affairs, does one thing lead to another? In searching for answers, science writer Philip Ball argues that we can enlist help from a seemingly unlikely source: physics. The first person to think this way was the seventeenth-century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes. His approach, described in "Leviathan," was based not on utopian wishful thinking, but rather on Galileo's mechanics; it was an attempt to construct a moral and political theory from scientific first principles. Although his solution--absolute monarchy--is unappealing today, Hobbes sparked a new way of thinking about human behavior in looking for the "scientific" rules of society. Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant, Auguste Comte, and John Stuart Mill pursued this same idea from different political perspectives. Today the purpose of applying concepts from physics to the social, political, and economic sciences is no longer to prescribe how society ought to be; instead, it is to understand the way it is, and how it evolves. In "Critical Mass," Ball looks at what this "physics of society" has to say about how people move in open or enclosed spaces; how they make decisions and cast votes, form allegiances, join groups, establish companies and communities. He examines the behavior of financial markets and reveals the hidden structure in networks of social and business contacts, and he explores the politics of conflict and cooperation from a scientific point of view. If physics can help us explain and understand human interaction and social behavior, can it also be used to anticipate and thereby avoid problems? Can physics be harnessed to improve societies, to guide us toward better decisions, and to make a safer and fairer world? Or is that merely another dream destined for the graveyard of utopias past? "A wide-ranging and dazzlingly informed book about the science of interactions. I can promise you'll be amazed."--Bill Bryson, chair of the 2005 Aventis General Prize Judging Panel "Philip Ball makes physics sexy again in "Critical"" ""Mass.""--Elissa Schappel, "Vanity Fair" "A prolific and accomplished science journalist . . . "Critical Mass" is] lively and wonderfully informative."--George Scialabba, "The ""Boston"" Globe""" "Fascinating . . . impressively clear and breathtaking in scope . . . substantial, impeccably researched . . . persuasive. For anyone who would like to learn about the intellectual ferment at the surprising junction of physics and social science, "Critical Mass" is the place to start."--Stephen Strogatz, "Nature""" ""Critical Mass" is an intellectual roller-coaster."--"The Economist" "A highly provocative work of popular science."--"Kirkus Reviews "(starred review) "In this wide-ranging investigation of pioneering attempts to explain social behavior by applying formulas borrowed from physics, Ball explains how maverick social theorists are now using discoveries about molecular motion and crystal formation to predict the behavior of various human groups, including crowds of soccer fans and clusters of pedestrians. Ball acknowledges that past 'political arithmeticians' have often dehumanized their subjects by adopting mechanistic assumptions about individual psychology and have sometimes legitimated totalitarian rulers by giving them a putatively scientific charter. But Ball's numerous detailed examples of the new social physics show how statistical models from physics can yield highly reliable predictions for large-group outcomes without abridging the unpredictable freedom of individual choice. These same examples teach that a consistent physics of society yields not an ideological straitjacket stipulating how people "should "act but rather a detailed portrait of how people "do "act. Because the new social physics can help managers and p
2011年9月20日 想读
The Ethics Of Ambiguity 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: Simone de Beauvoir Citadel 2000 - 6
Simone de Beauvoir, novelist, dramatist, and philosopher, was the most distinguished woman writer in modern France. A leading exponent of French existentialism, her work complements, though it is independent of, that of her great friend Jean-Paul Sartre. In "The Ethics of Ambiguity," Madame de Beauvoir penetrates at once to the core ethical problems of modern man: what shall he do, how shall he go about making values, in the face of this awareness of the absurdity of his existence? She forces the reader to face the absurdity of the human condition, and then, having done so, proceeds to develop a dialectic of ambiguity whi
2011年8月23日 想读
樋口一叶选集 豆瓣
作者: 樋口一叶 译者: 萧萧 人民文学出版社 1962
樋口一叶们的《青梅竹马》
——读樋口一叶的《青梅竹马》及由此所想到的
余华说:“樋口一叶毫无疑问可以进入十九世纪最伟大女作家之列,她的《青梅竹马》是我读到的最优美的爱情篇章,她深入人心的叙述有着阳光的温暖和夜晚的凉爽。”
我对她的最初印象也就是从这段文字里来的,这段文字是我2年前从一本叫《散文》的期刊上看来的。那个时候就记下了《青梅竹马》这个名字,可是一直找不到中译本,直到前一段时间,很意外的在网上搜到了,就买了下来。手上这本是插绘本,是个选集,包含着《青梅竹马》、《岔路》和《十三夜》,听朋友说这个版本的内容和原著略有不同,不过也只好将就下了,这是我能在大陆找到的唯一版本,再有就是1962年人民文学出版社的《樋口一叶选集》了,而这个版本我这辈子怕是都难见到。
严格的说《青梅竹马》最多算个中篇小说。不过貌似樋口一叶一生没有写过一部长篇小说,这大概也和她的短命分不开。1872年生人,1891年她19岁,为了挣稿费养家开始了文学创作,而她真正摆脱当时女作家所有的脂粉气形成自己风格则是在1894年之后,这个转变是她在贫民区生活的9个月的结果。生活是一切艺术创作的基础,这样看我们就不难理解樋口为什么能在1894年12月到1896年1月的被文学评论者称为“一叶的奇迹十四月”中写出那么多的脍炙人口的著作了。
限于篇幅,我就只谈《青梅竹马》,这也是我最喜欢的故事之一,另一个就是《十三夜》。
《青梅竹马》的故事再简单不过,一个成长在妓院里长大后注定会成为妓女的美丽姑娘美登利情窦初开,爱上了一个父亲是寺院主持将来注定会成为和尚的男孩藤本信如(在日本僧人可以结婚,而很多寺院都是世袭的)。后来美登利月经初潮,这意味着她距离自己的宿命又更近了一步,与此同时,长大的藤本信如也要面对自己的宿命,他不得不穿上法衣去僧人专门的学校修习佛法。
总观全篇,故事只有一个主角那就是美登利,藤本信如最多算个大片的绿叶,这一点从人物出场和对人物的刻画上就能够发现。
故事特意设置了田中正太郎这个“钟情于”美登利的角色。阿正一有空跑到美登利身边,和她在一起他总是有着说不完的话。尽管美登利回应得也很热情,但是显然这不是爱,这一点从一个细节就可以看出。阿正很认真地说自己将来要讨一个漂亮媳妇,笔店老板娘便同他开玩笑说要他在鲜花铺的阿六、水果铺的喜姑娘和美登利之间选一个,结果接连排除了前两个之后。阿正很不好意思地红了脸退到了墙壁跟前,而美登利“这一个倒是连脸颊也没红”。
阿正与美登利截然不同的反应恰表达了美登利的态度。这也与后文,美登利见到信如时的脸红与心扑通扑通跳形成反差,一个三角恋的网便成形于这三个孩子间。
阿正的存在恰烘托了美登利对于信如的爱恋同时也加重了美登利的悲剧色彩。
故事的高潮发生在接近结尾的部分,信如的母亲给女儿做好了新衣要信如送到茶店的姐姐那去,此时正下着雨,信如走到美登利所居妓院的外边时木屐的趾襟儿恰巧断了,笨手笨脚的信如只好蹲下身来捻纸绳儿,而此时伞也不巧被风吹走,衣服的下摆也因为蹲下身子的缘故被水泡脏。这一切被身后赶来帮忙的美登利看个清楚。美登利看到了曾经的“仇家”,却很意外的生不出气“美登利原是应该捉住信如的袖子,气势汹汹地用这些话质问他的。可是现在她却一声不响地躲在门后,也不见她扭头就走,只是由于不定地呆呆站着,心里扑通扑通乱跳,真不像平日的美登利了。”这边的信如也显然从刚才的脚步声判断出了身后站着个美登利。可是,男孩却装作什么也么注意到,“专心”捻纸绳,心里却也早已是一团乱麻了。“唉,手那么笨,怎么能修理好呢!纸绳捻得一点也不紧,用稻草卡趾襟儿有什么用,马上又要断了。唉唉,外褂下摆在地上拖脏了也不知道吗?唉呀,雨伞又给风吹跑了,应该先把它收起来呀。”一旁的美登利早已是心急如焚。这个时候美登利的妈妈叫他回来洗澡,美登利大声应付着。如果说刚才信如可以装作没有意识到她的出现,那么现在呢?她的声音显然也被信如听到了。美登利也意识到了这一点,“两颊不由得发起烧来”可是她开开门会难为情,离开又不忍心,最后只好一声不响的从格子门里丢出一条红友禅的布条。信如却连个头也没有回,于是姑娘的心从纠结变成了幽怨,心里不禁一阵难过,眼泪已经挂在眼角。此时的信如呢“信如心里不禁一动,不知怎么地一阵无名的哀愁忽然涌上心头,他只是呆呆望着绸条,也没有把它拾起来。”他为什么会“不禁一动”呢?也许他喜欢美登利,“不禁一动”恰恰表现了他对于两个人命运的哀惋和无奈。最后他还是没有捡,“只有那块红友禅绸条把人的哀怨留在上面,孤单单地躺在格子门外的泥地里。”
故事最后“每当夜色笼罩了四周的时候,人们一定会看见一个小的孤影提着一盏弓形灯笼,冷冷清清地走过堤坝。那就是替奶奶去收利钱的正太郎。”正太郎接替了奶奶的工作,是的每个人都要长大,于是信如也要毫无例外地面对自己的命运离开这里。故事的结尾也因此有了一个小高潮“在一个下霜的寒冷的早晨,不知什么人把一朵水仙花丢进大黑屋剧院的格子门里。虽然猜不出是谁丢的,但美登利却怀着不胜依恋的心情把它插在错花格子上的小花瓶里,独自欣赏它那寂寞而清秀的姿态。日后她无意中听说:在她拾花的第二天,信如为了求学穿上了法衣,离开寺院出门去了。”
美登利的无意实则是作者的有意,将有限的片断拼接在一起我们不难得出丢纸水仙花人是信如。这个纸水仙其实是信如留给美登利的念想,正如那块红友禅的布条寄托着太多的情,聪明的美登利也肯定会有这种猜想吧!
所以才会“怀着不胜依恋的心情”,自己的心情终于有了一个绵实的落脚,一下子便坐实了下去,这也算是微微给了心一点抚慰吧,实则往深里想,她还是不确定,她的心里有着那个人,那个人的心里是否也有自己呢?美登利自始至终也未曾听过信如的表白,也许读者嗅出了这种爱,可是美登利呢,她能够确信么?他们之间更多的是迷、是雾,看得美却猜不透。于是辗转一番,还是有些悲凉在吧!此时的美登利已无从确认这一切了,她选择了把纸水仙插在小花瓶里“独自欣赏”,为那瞬间的惊喜覆盖住,捂起来,留待日后慢慢掀开看,是痛是楚,反正现实顾不上了,后面可能有更大的悲伤,在那里等着自己。现实,顾不上了。
故事在此结束,却留下了太多的潜台词,开放式的结尾让人觉得容量是如此之大,你不禁会设想主人公今后的生活继而同情他们的遭遇。说到底,这个故事就是两个字:无奈。短短的两个字却包含了太多的辛酸。讲爱情是假,表女性在社会中悲苦的地位才是真。乍看起来一切哀伤都是淡淡的,似乎每个人都应当有的,这么看也就无所谓哀伤了。可是细想来呢,你就不确定了,你不断地质问自己,只是淡淡的么?就如同一个人,他(她)丢了什么东西,也许从表面上看他(她)很坚强,也就是有点儿小小的不开心,实则呢?你还是不确定,毕竟你不在他(她)心里,又怎么知道她的心中所想?更何况作者笔下招人悲悯的女孩,所丢失的东西其实是被掳去的,如果说这仅仅是一个人的悲哀,那还可以勉强接受,可这恰恰是整个社会的悲哀,是整个时代的悲哀,不只是在日本,它发生在那个男权至上时代的所有社会之中。在那样的社会,女性的地位是卑微的,是从属于男性的,不论是出生于社会底层将来注定会成为妓女的美登利还是《十三夜》中进入了公馆深院成为官官太太的阿关,她们的现实经历也许不同,可她们的命运却有着普遍的相似性,这是在她们出生的那一刻就已经注定的了,只因她们是女人。
樋口一叶作为一个生活在社会底层,体味着生活艰辛的女人,对那些它所描绘的主人公的遭遇自然不会陌生。曾有这样一件事:有一天,樋口一叶手头拮据于是跑去找一个江湖术士借钱,对方说如果樋口一叶能够做他的小老婆,她可以一直得到他的资助,结果被她断然拒绝。处在那样的时代和社会,她是如此的无助,也因为现实的问题,她无法在自己的作品中将对现实的不满很明了的大声讲出来,而是选择了一种相对隐晦的手法。引用余虹在《一个人的百年》中所讲的一句话就是“一块对恶没有激烈反抗却有持久拒绝的石头,一块对善没有悲壮献身却有耐心执着的石头以她不绝的微光烁伤我正在死去的心。也许英雄的时代早就过去了,也许从来就没有什么纯粹的英雄,日常生活的重负与担当落在每一个人的身上,那些像石璞一样举重若轻的人让生命看到了希望。”樋口一叶便是这样一个人,一个普通却伟大的女人。《青梅竹马》写的正是她自己的故事,她是美登利,也是阿关,她是那些体味着生活不公理解那些受不公正对待女性中的任何一个,正如她所说:我是为了抚慰世间女性的病苦和失望而降生到这个世上的……
2004年11月,日本起用新版纸币,其中5000日元面额的纸币正面用的便是樋口一叶的肖像。这也是女性形象首次出现在日元的正面。一方面这是对她在日本文学史上地位的一种肯定。另一方面,对于穷苦一生的樋口一叶来说,这也不能不算是一种讽刺。
好在我们很欣喜地看到,随着社会文明的发展在今天的社会之中女性的地位在不断地提高,想必这也是樋口一叶所终生期盼的吧。
愿《青梅竹马》只是樋口一叶们的《青梅竹马》,愿她的《青梅竹马》只存在于过去。
http://bbs.gxsd.com.cn/viewthread.php?tid=53053
2011年8月18日 想读