Fiefs and Vassals has changed our view of the medieval world. It offers a fundamental challenge to orthodox conceptions of feudalism. Susan Reynolds argues that the concepts of the fief and of vassalage, as understood by historians of medieval Europe, were constructed by post-medieval scholars from the works of medieval academic lawyers and tha they provide a bad guide to the realities of medieval society. This is a radical new examination of relations between rulers, nobles, and free men, the distillation of wide-ranging research by a leading medieval historian. It has revolutionized the way we think of the Middle Ages.

《近代科学在中世纪的基础》是一部经典的科学史著作。它考察了中世纪科学的成就，并从哲学、宗教、体制等方面令人信服地表明，与流行的看法相反，近代科学并非源于16、17世纪的科学革命，而是植根于古代和中世纪。有四种关键因素使中世纪欧洲为新科学做了准备：（1）希腊－阿拉伯的自然哲学著作于12、13世纪被泽成拉丁文；（2）中世纪大学的发展；（3）基督教面对世俗学问所作出的调整。（4）亚里士多德自然哲学的转变。《近代科学在中世纪的基础》语言流畅，内容平易，适合对科学史和西方文化史感兴趣的人士阅读。

《中世纪初期吐鲁番绿洲的物质生活》由莫尼克·玛雅尔编著。《中世纪初期吐鲁番绿洲的物质生活》对不同民族及宗教在古代高昌地区留下的建筑、服装、丧葬等门类众多的物质文明状况进行了深入、细致的探讨与研究，展示了这一地区的历史风貌，具有很好的参考价值。

《这些中世纪的人:中世纪的日常生活》不是高深博学的著作，不是任何其他主题的延续，不是中世纪历史的鸟瞰，不研究它的经济，不畅述它几百年的艺术文化史，它仅仅为我们讲述中世纪老百姓的故事，这些靠天吃饭的普通人的故事，他们的盘中餐，他们女邻居的家常话题，他们那双被劣质的鞋所磨损的双脚，还有他们心里无所不在、无所不能的上帝。在这里，我们看不到刀光剑影，听不到修士们的祷告，没有国王的心腹，没有腰缠万贯的大亨，甚至没有学校的教师，那些都是中世纪的泡沫。我们将看到的是其他的人，我们很少谈论到他们，因为他们没有漂亮的词藻。可是，他们的忧愁和快乐与今天的我们又有什么两样。

The tenth to the thirteenth centuries in Europe saw the appearance of popular heresy and the establishment of the Inquisition, the expropriation and mass murder of Jews, and the propagation of elaborate measures to segregate lepers from the healthy and curtail their civil rights. These were traditionally seen as distinct and separate developments, and explained in terms of the problems which their victims presented to medieval society. In this stimulating book, first published in 1987 and now widely regarded as a a classic in medieval history, R. I. Moore argues that the coincidences in the treatment of these and other minority groups cannot be explained independently, and that all are part of a pattern of persecution which now appeared for the first time to make Europe become, as it has remained, a persecuting society. In this new edition, R. I. Moore updates and extends his original argument with a new, final chapter, ldquo;A Persecuting Societyrdquo;. Here and in a new preface and critical bibliography, he considers the impact of a generationrsquo;s research and refines his conception of the ldquo;persecuting societyrdquo; accordingly, addressing criticisms of the first edition.<br/><br/>The tenth to the thirteenth centuries in Europe saw the appearance of popular heresy and the establishment of the Inquisition, the expropriation and mass murder of Jews, and the propagation of elaborate measures to segregate lepers from the healthy and curtail their civil rights. These were traditionally seen as distinct and separate developments, and explained in terms of the problems which their victims presented to medieval society. In this stimulating book, first published in 1987 and now widely regarded as a a classic in medieval history, R. I. Moore argues that the coincidences in the treatment of these and other minority groups cannot be explained independently, and that all are part of a pattern of persecution which now appeared for the first time to make Europe become, as it has remained, a persecuting society.In this new edition, R. I. Moore updates and extends his original argument with a new, final chapter, "A Persecuting Society". Here and in a new preface and critical bibliography, he considers the impact of a generation's research and refines his conception of the "persecuting society" accordingly, addressing criticisms of the first edition.

一部圣徒、罪犯、受害者的故事。
1.精选欧洲1200—1700年年间的市政记录、刽子手日记、旁观者回忆录等珍贵史料，带读者回到第一死刑行刑现场，领略“刽子手的黄金时代”“女巫迫害潮”“被折磨而神圣的躯体”等死刑史现象。
2.集中展现超乎我们想象的欧洲死刑判死罪名：偷盗、抢劫、通奸、乱伦、亵渎神灵、兽奸、嫖娼、未婚生子、女巫身份、同性恋、妓女身份、助巫、叛教、质疑教会、亵渎上帝、破坏城邦和平……
3.历数丰富残酷、令人咂舌的酷刑:火刑、钳烫、绞刑、浸河、活埋、轮刑、锤砸、焚尸刑、车裂、四马分尸、六马分尸、八马分尸、分解四肢、剑刑、鞭尸、毁尸……
4.处死犹太人时必须有两只狗、死刑犯必须向上帝忏悔等公共表演秀式的行刑仪式和规范，使得欧洲社会道德、伦理价值、法治设定要素等在死刑刑罚中找到根源。
5.审视个人在宗教力量和国家机器下的极端命运，深层次揭示13世纪至17世纪末，欧洲社会如何评判、看待人的存在和价值。

本书讨论的主要问题是历史是否有必要进行分期或断代。勒高夫从自己的对于中世纪史的研究出发，认为中世纪有必要与“文艺复兴”时期分别开来，长期以来他们之间所重叠的那一部分即15世纪史应该归属于中世纪的范畴。面对全球化思维，以及世界通史的研究倾向，勒高夫坚持要对历史进行分期，这样做能更好地让我们认清一种文明自身的发展轨迹、演变过程。

《欧洲中世纪史（第一卷）》是人文类大学生的大学教科书，主要讲述5-17世纪中叶的历史。第1章从理论概念着手，对“中世纪”和“封建主义”的本质、内涵，封建主义的特征，西欧中世纪的初建以及西欧封建社会的历史地位做了详细介绍和梳理；第2—23章围绕历史发展脉络展开，讲述中世纪国家、王国、制度形成、发展和演进的历史，以及这一时期政治、经济、文化、艺术的发展历程，展示了欧洲中世纪研究的成就。

Modern-day Europeans by the millions proudly trace back their national identities to the Celts, Franks, Gauls, Goths, Huns, or Serbs - or some combination of the various peoples who inhabited, traversed, or pillaged their continent more than a thousand years ago. According to Patrick Geary, this is historical nonsense. The idea that national character is fixed for all time in a simpler, distant past is groundless, he argues in this unflinching reconsideration of European nationhood. Few of the peoples that many Europeans honor as sharing their sense of "nation" had comparably homogeneous identities; even the Huns, he points out, were firmly united only under Attila's ten-year reign.Geary dismantles the nationalist myths about how the nations of Europe were born. Through rigorous analysis set in lucid prose, he contrasts the myths with the actual history of Europe's transformation between the fourth and ninth centuries - the period of grand migrations that nationalists hold dear. The nationalist sentiments today increasingly taken for granted in Europe emerged, he argues, only in the nineteenth century. Ironically, this phenomenon was kept alive not just by responsive populations - but by complicit scholars. Ultimately, Geary concludes, the actual formation of European peoples must be seen as an extended process that began in antiquity and continues in the present.The resulting image is a challenge to those who anchor contemporary antagonisms in ancient myths - to those who claim that immigration and tolerance toward minorities despoil "nationhood." As Geary shows, such ideologues - whether Le Pens who champion "the French people born with the baptism of Clovis in 496" or Milosevics who cite early Serbian history to claim rebellious regions - know their myths but not their history. "The Myth of Nations" will be intensely debated by all who understood that a history that does not change, that reduces the complexities of many centuries to a single, eternal moment, isn't history at all.

INVENTING THE MIDDLE AGES The Lives, Works, and Ideas of the Great Medievalists of the Twentieth Century In this ground-breaking work, Norman Cantor explains how our current notion of the Middle Ages-with its vivid images of wars, tournaments, plagues, saints and kings, knights and ladies-was born in the twentieth century. The medieval world was not simply excavated through systematic research. It had to be conceptually created: It had to be invented, and this is the story of that invention. Norman Cantor focuses on the lives and works of twenty of the great medievalists of this century, demonstrating how the events of their lives, and their spiritual and emotional outlooks, influenced their interpretations of the Middle Ages. Cantor makes their scholarship an intensely personal and passionate exercise, full of color and controversy, displaying the strong personalities and creative minds that brought new insights about the past. A revolution in academic method, this book is a breakthrough to a new way of teaching the humanities and historiography, to be enjoyed by student and general public alike. It takes an immense body of learning and transmits it so that readers come away fully informed of the essentials of the subject, perceiving the interconnection of medieval civilization with the culture of the twentieth century and having had a good time while doing it! This is a riveting, entertaining, humorous, and learned read, compulsory for anyone concerned about the past and future of Western civilization.

◆两度普利策奖获奖历史作家巴巴拉·塔奇曼最精致的作品
◆以前所未有的程度深入文明与野蛮交织的中世纪欧洲
◆忠实、完整、有趣地呈现中世纪历史的方方面面
···
【内容简介】
14世纪的欧洲包含了两个相互冲突的图景：这是一个属于十字军、大教堂和骑士制度的荣耀时代，也是一个堕入混乱与精神痛苦的世界。巴巴拉·W·塔奇曼从这一时期选择了一位贵族——昂盖朗·德·库西作为叙事载体，借此人的人生远望中世纪的百年战争、黑死病、奢靡盛宴、雇佣兵制度、残酷税收、农民暴动和教会分裂……最终，承载着那一时代的废墟被留在这里，静观着仿如宿命的人类历史。
···
【媒体推荐】
巴巴拉·W·塔奇曼的历史是自立的，根本用不着理论支持。它就是让读者着迷了，它让他们得以如此接近过去的历史，这接近的程度是前所未有的。
——费正清
文笔优美、细腻，研究深入彻底……塔奇曼女士最擅长的便是复原历史的面貌……在这一点上，无人能出其右。
——《纽约书评》
塔奇曼在这本书中达到了她的顶峰……这是她最精致的作品。
——《华尔街日报》
内容广博，妙趣横生，精彩至极。
——《评论》
···
【编辑推荐】
1、本书作者是两度普利策奖获奖作家、备受费正清、约翰·肯尼迪、威廉·夏伊勒推崇的历史学家巴巴拉·W·塔奇曼，她的大众历史写作深受美国读者的喜爱。
2、在关于中世纪历史书籍中，写作者或从历史大事件着眼，在其中嵌入专深的研究理论；或落笔于宫闱秘史。本书的独特之处是将一个贵族昂盖朗·德·库西作为叙事载体，他既具备超出平民的生活广度，参与了那个时代诸多的历史大事，又使历史有了更多的人情味。本书极其细致地描写了中世纪生活的细节：童年和婚姻，金钱和税收，神职人员和宗教等，是历史爱好者的必读书目。
3、首次集结出版六部塔奇曼作品《史迪威与美国在中国的经验，1911-1945》《骄傲之塔：战前世界的肖像，1890-1914》《历史的技艺：塔奇曼论历史》《第一声礼炮：另一种视角下的美国革命》《远方之镜：动荡不安的14世纪》《愚政进行曲：从木马屠城到越南战争》，使读者得以领略这位历史写作大师的风采。

"Wise, witty, and wonderful . . . A great book, in a great historical tradition." Commentary
The 14th century gives us back two contradictory images: a glittering time of crusades and castles, cathedrals and chivalry, and a dark time of ferocity and spiritual agony, a world plunged into a chaos of war, fear and the Plague. Barbara Tuchman anatomizes the century, revealing both the great rhythms of history and the grain and texture of domestic life as it was lived.

库萨的尼古拉（Nicholas Cusanus I401—1464）生于摩塞尔的库萨地方，所以被称为库萨的尼古拉。他出生于富有的船主家庭，由于他的父亲很严厉，因此从小离开家庭，由一位伯爵把他抚养成人。尼古拉幼年时，这位伯爵就把他送入共同生活兄弟会学习。共同生活兄弟会是当时一个修道团体，由格罗特（1340—1384）与拉德文（1350—1400）创办，着重于增进宗教生活热情，但并不立刻从事宗教工作。尼古拉1416 年进海德堡大，1417
年转入巴杜亚大学，1423 年在巴杜亚大学得到教会法学博士学位。他曾从事法律工作，因办理诉讼失败，转而从事神学的研究与讲授。以后以红衣主教朱丽安的秘书而参加了1431 年举行的巴塞尔宗教会议。从此以后，他一直为教廷服务，处理各地的宗教问题，从事已处于分裂状态的天主教廷的统一（当时天主教会存在罗马教廷与法国的天主教廷的分裂），并企图把东方教会与西方教会统一为一个天主教会。尼古拉在进行这些工作中于1450 年受命任布里岑主教，在任时曾从事教会的改革。1464 年，他在为教廷奔走中死于波希米亚的托底地方。
尼古拉曾研究过法学、神学、哲学、数学。他的著作很多，最为人们熟知的是《天主教的协调》这本《论有学识的无知》。前者是他在1431 年参加巴塞尔宗教会议时所著，其目的在于强调一切事物有矛盾，但是可以协调，借以阐明宗教内部的矛盾是可以协调的。《论有学识的无知》是从认识论来
说明这个问题，认为上帝是绝对的极大，宇宙是相对的极大，是绝对极大购上帝的“缩影”，宇宙中的事物与宇宙整体是矛盾的，也是统一的，即极大与极小是统一的，一与多是统一的。本书以三卷论述这个问题，第一卷论上帝是绝对的极大，第二卷论宇宙是相对的极大，第三卷论基督教的一些神学问题。第一、二卷有一些泛神论思想，也有一些异端思想，但第三卷的神学观点与正统神学是一致的。
尼拉古的哲学来源于新柏拉图学派，有的研究者认为他的观点是新柏拉图学派、中世纪的新柏拉图主义与文艺复兴时期新柏拉图主义的联接点。他
从艾克哈特的哲学中继承了对立面统一的思想，从伪狄阿尼修的著作中继承了否定神学的思想。但把这些思想融会成为一个泛神论体系则是他的贡献。
尼古拉是西方哲学史上的重要哲学家，他在对人类认识世界的哲学考察上作出了重要贡献。他的第一个贡献是，强调认识是从相对认识到绝对认识
的一个过程。他把认识分为四个阶段，第一阶段是感性认识，这只能从感觉与想象产生混乱的印象；第二阶段是理智认识，是对事物的区别性认，是有确定性的指称，是对事物的推理知识；第三个阶段是思辨的理性，这个阶段发现认识中的矛盾是可以统一的；第四个阶段是直觉的认识，在直觉之中，理智所看成有区别的就归于统一了。这种认识论观点是以后康德认识三阶段说的来源。尼古拉的第二个贡献是论证了对立面的统一。他用数学对这种观点作了证明，认为无限的线与无限的三角形、无限的圆、无限的球体都是统一的。这种观点直接影响了以后辩证法思想的发展，是德国古典唯心主义辩证法的前驱。尼古拉的第三个贡献是对一些自然科学先进思想作了哲学的预见，例如他认为宇宙是单一的，不为任何其他宇宙所限制，因而空间是无限的。他认为宇宙没有中心，没有边缘，没有“在上的星球”，“在下的星球”，没有“高贵的星球”，“卑贱的星球”等等。这些自然科学问题的哲学思考，有利于破除迷信，解放思想，促进以后自然科学的发展。
本书根据美国1954 年出版的茨尔曼·赫隆英译本转译，原著是拉丁文。
本书拉丁文原本有三种版本，国内一时未能找到。北京大学哲学系西方古典哲学原著选辑中世纪哲学卷的编辑小组决定翻译这本书，在翻译过程中，齐良骥、周辅成、王太庆、朱德生、李真诸同志曾经给我们以鼓励，并审读过译稿。郑建业同志校改了译稿，最后商务印书馆编辑同志又对译稿进一步加工。本书致朱丽安的信、卷一、卷二由尹大贻译，卷三由朱新民译

This title presents an enthralling account of day-to-day life in a medieval French village. Using records gathered by the Catholic Church in its pursuit of heretics, the book recreates the lives of a rich cast of village characters.

【书名】: 蒙古及蒙古人【第一卷】
【作者】：【俄】阿.马.波兹德涅耶 夫
【出版社】：内蒙古人民出版社
【出版时间】：1989-10-00
【印刷时间】：1989-12-00
【开本】：32
【页数】：814页
【装订】：平装
目录 第一章：从恰克图到库伦
第二章：库伦（大呼勒）
第三章：从库伦到乌里雅苏台
第四章：乌里雅苏台
第五章：从乌里雅苏台到科布多
第六章：科布多
第七章：从科布多到库伦
第八章：哲布尊丹巴呼图克图的历代呼毕勒罕
第九章：从库伦到张家口
第十章：张家口

本书收录了英格兰、法兰西、西班牙及俄罗斯的四部伟大的史诗。

本书是中世纪法国哲学家阿伯拉尔的回忆录，原文由拉丁文写成，写作时间推定为1132年或更晚，是中世纪最早的一批自传作品之一。为补充写作背景，并充实篇幅，成书时另选取了作者与爱人爱洛伊丝的往来书信，及英文版编者贝蒂•雷迪斯写作的《导言》，与正文。

1.阿拉伯遗产宝藏。阿拉伯人、外国人、柏柏尔人的历史纲要和殷鉴。
2.中世纪阿拉伯西部地区最后一位著名哲学家伊本·赫勒敦对人类文明、国家、生计、教育、官职……的阐述。
3.新中国成立以来第一批留埃学生、知名阿拉伯语翻译家李振中教授，历时十年翻译而成的鸿篇巨著。
4.今天，我们把伊本赫勒敦的《历史绪论》介绍给中国读者，帮助我们进一步了解阿拉伯国家的历史及其发展规律，了解阿拉伯民族文化的特点和阿拉伯人的思维方式，特别是了解阿拉伯民族许多内在的心理情愫。
5.翻译语言明白晓畅，虽为中世纪作品，但是读起来毫无隔膜。需要强调的是，译者在翻译的过程中，加入了大量的注释，方便读者理解文意。同时，书后还附了中英阿文译名表，方便读者查对、研究。

The modern state, however we conceive of it today, is based on a pattern that emerged in Europe in the period from 1100 to 1600. Written from the experience of a lifetime of teaching and research in the field, this short, clear book is the classic work on what is known about the early history of the European state. Charles Tilly's foreword shows how Strayer's book set the agenda for a whole generation of historical analysts, not just in medieval history but also in the comparative study of state formation. William Chester Jordan's foreword addresses the scholarly and pedagogical setting within which Strayer produced his book, and how this both enhanced its accessibility and informed its focus on peculiarly English and French accomplishments in early state-building.