19世纪是中西交流**一个**重要的历史时期，伴随着西方的军事、经济和文化侵略，西方对中国语言也展开了深入研究。
19世纪英美传教士的翻译、词典、汉语教材以及汉语语法编纂等语言学活动对当时西方了解中国语言文化起到了重要的推动作用。
在语法编纂者中，马士曼、马礼逊、艾约瑟、文璧等是*有代表性的人物。他们的作品继承了17世纪天主教传教士开启的以拉丁语法框架来描写汉语语法的思路，同时又受到了普遍唯理语法、历史比较语言学、英语语法等语言学思想的影响。他们的汉语语法在以词类及其形态为主的基础上对句法作出了*多探索。他们的语法探索对19世纪西人的汉语学习有很大的帮助，同时对19世纪及后来西方语言学界的汉语研究也起到了一定的推动作用。
由于中西语言学界早期交流的隔断，以及意识形态、学术偏见、客观研究条件等方面的原因，中国语法学界对西洋汉语语法研究的历史一直缺乏应有的了解和重视。这种情况直到*近十余年来才开始改变。董方峰所著的《十九世纪英美传教士的汉语语法研究》将17—19世纪西洋汉语语法研究看作一个整体，并根据研究者和文本特点划分出三个传统：17—18世纪的天主教传统、17—19世纪欧洲本土汉学家传统以及19世纪英美传教士传统。这三个传统的代表人物和作品以及相互关系都构成重要的研究问题。本文选择以19世纪英美传教士传统作为切入点，详细地分析了19世纪英美传教士汉语语法研究的历史背景、主要文本、他们语法思想的来源以及影响，并对其历史意义作出了评价。
19世纪英美传教士的汉语语法在宏观层面上的特征表现为对西洋语法的模仿、对口头语言的重视、普遍主义思想、历史比较思路等。在语法体系上，他们对词类、句法的具体讨论较前人*为详细，尤其是对句法的讨论*有深度，已经搭建起了较为完备的汉语语法体系。在思想源头上，希腊—罗马语法传统、普遍唯理语法、基督教语言观、历史比较语言学和英语教学语法等语言学思想都影响了19世纪英美传教士的汉语语法研究。
19世纪英美传教士的汉语语法研究对当时的西方汉语学习者起到了很大作用，是他们学习汉语的主要参考资料。他们的研究对西方语言学界持续深入地了解汉语语法形态也起到了参考作用，后来的西方汉语语法研究者都或多或少地参照了他们的成果。但这些成果无论是对19世纪的中国语言学界还是当代中国语法学界都未能产生实质性的影响，后世的中国语法学家大多数对西洋汉语语法研究的成果知之不多或刻意忽略。这一方面可以归咎于中西语言学界交流的不畅，另一方面也是缘于政治意识形态影响、学术偏见、客观研究条件限制等原因。
《十九世纪英美传教士的汉语语法研究》认为，应该以历史的眼光来客观、公允地评价19世纪英美传教士的汉语语法研究。在当时的历史语境下，他们以英汉比较、模仿拉丁语法或者英语语法为基础，迎合汉语教学的功利目的而进行的语法研究一方面较好地实现了他们的研究目的，另一方面也建构起了较为完整的汉语语法体系，并且相较前人有一定的进步。他们的研究对于今人仍然存在材料上和方法论上的价值。同时，他们因受时代、学术背景以及研究目的的制约，也表现出了很大的局限l生。系统整理19世纪英美传教士乃至整个西洋汉语语法研究的历史，对于汉语语法学史的书写有重要价值。

The sociolinguist William Labov has worked for decades on change in progress in American dialects and on African American Vernacular English (AAVE). In Dialect Diversity in America, Labov examines the diversity among American dialects and presents the counterintuitive finding that geographically localized dialects of North American English are increasingly diverging from one another over time.
Contrary to the general expectation that mass culture would diminish regional differences, the dialects of Los Angeles, Dallas, Chicago, Birmingham, Buffalo, Philadelphia, and New York are now more different from each other than they were a hundred years ago. Equally significant is Labov's finding that AAVE does not map with the geography and timing of changes in other dialects. The home dialect of most African American speakers has developed a grammar that is more and more different from that of the white mainstream dialects in the major cities studied and yet highly homogeneous throughout the United States.
Labov describes the political forces that drive these ongoing changes, as well as the political consequences in public debate. The author also considers the recent geographical reversal of political parties in the Blue States and the Red States and the parallels between dialect differences and the results of recent presidential elections. Finally, in attempting to account for the history and geography of linguistic change among whites, Labov highlights fascinating correlations between patterns of linguistic divergence and the politics of race and slavery, going back to the antebellum United States. Complemented by an online collection of audio files that illustrate key dialectical nuances, Dialect Diversity in America offers an unparalleled sociolinguistic study from a preeminent scholar in the field.

在20世纪相当长的一个历史时期，人们提及「白话文运动」总是言必称「五四」，而对清末白话文（学）潮流则轻描淡写，贬多褒少。时至今日，尽管白话文运动并非五四之特产已渐为学界所认知，然而，人们对清末白话文运动之整体形态及流变轨迹仍然缺乏明晰的认识。《清末白话文运动》基于近代原始报刊史料，从清末白话文运动之理论自觉、主要阵地与中心位移、民间力量与官方资源、白话文体探索、语言特征与流变、拟想读者与实际受众、白话报人与白话文作家，及其与启蒙救亡思潮、语文改革思潮、白话文学思潮、五四白话文运动之历史关联等方面，对清末白话文运动展开多角度的系统考察与立体研究，初步还原了清末白话文运动的历史面貌。

《普通话语音史话》是唐作藩先生2000年在语文出版社出版的“百种语文小丛书”的一种。主要内容讨论现代普通话的形成，讨论《中原阴韵》是否普通话语音系统的历史源头。对普通话唇音声母的来源、普通话卷舌声母的来源、普通话舌面音声母的来源、普通话零声母的来源等，以及普通话单韵母的来源、普通话复韵母的来源、普通话鼻音韵母的来源、普通话儿韵和儿化韵的来源、普通话四呼的形成、普通话四声的形成和发展等都条分缕析，令人信服。

这本书要告诉读者在翻译实践中哪里有地雷，哪里有险滩，哪里有流沙，也指明了安全的道路。贯穿全书的思想是，译文要像中文。诗人、散文家余光中先生为文介绍：此书是最适当的翻译教材。
书的内容包括序、序二、翻译要点、字典名称缩写表、引言、总论、把英文译成中文的基本条件、参考书、固有名词的翻译、新词、专门名词的翻译、中文语法、代名词、被动语气、中文修辞、中文字词、英文字、白话文和对话、白话文的节奏和音调、毛病、中国的中文、句型、改编、利用成语与迁就习惯、标点符号、英诗中译、其他、翻译评改等。

《吐鲁番出土文献词典》的语料收录范围涉及吐鲁番出土文书、砖志等，同时也包括一些在新疆和田、库车等地出土的文书，语料参照对象主要根据文书原件或原件图版，在前贤时彦识录的基础上，又进行了重新核对、校勘。

《藏文字符研究:字母、读音、编码、字频、排序、图形、拉丁字母转写规则研究》是一部专门研究藏文文本符号的论著，涉及藏文的字符性质、结构特征、应用属性等诸多领域，所以该书的副标题是“字母、读音、编码、字频、排序、图形、拉丁字母转写规则研究”。换句话说，研究藏文字符必须研究字符的字频、编码、排序、转写等各种应用领域的属性。这样的研究著作可以视为一部藏文字符知识的完整指南，具有极高的实用工具价值。

A History of the Korean Language is the first book on the subject ever published in English. It traces the origin, formation, and various historical stages through which the language has passed, from Old Korean through to the present day. Each chapter begins with an account of the historical and cultural background. A comprehensive list of the literature of each period is then provided and the textual record described, along with the script or scripts used to write it. Finally, each stage of the language is analyzed, offering new details supplementing what is known about its phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon. The extraordinary alphabetic materials of the 15th and 16th centuries are given special attention, and are used to shed light on earlier, pre-alphabetic periods.

《历史语言学》在写作过程中与叶蜚声、王福堂、王洪君三位同志多有讨论，他们都贡献了不少很好的意见；林焘先生为《历史语言学》绘制了北京话区域分布图，蒋绍愚同志为语言年代学的百词表作了古今汉语的异同对比，这些都使《历史语言学》增色不少。《历史语言学》初稿于1985年初写成后，蒙华中理工大学严学宭先生详为评阅，赐教多处，使作者得益匪浅；他还指导当时的研究生张振江同志对初稿进行逐节的推敲，提出了很多宝贵的意见。

汉语和台语、苗瑶语在类型上非常相似，语音格局比较接近，语法系统也比较一致，但就是找不出一定数量较系统的有同源关系的核心词。这使得一些学者对汉语与侗台、苗瑶语的发生学关系产生了疑问。白保罗就是在这一困惑中另辟蹊径，提出了他的分类新观点。
作为一个年轻的人类学博士，白保罗与罗伯特·谢飞合作参加伯克利·加州大学“汉藏语言计划”(1934—1941)项目，很快就完整地掌握了汉藏系语言材料，然后应用于汉藏、藏缅语研究。这项工作产生的成果为《汉藏语言概论》。
白保罗还考察了黎语、仡佬语、拉嘉语、拉绨语，考证了这几种语言的语音模式和语法特征。在这一基础上，他认定这几种语言可归为一族，合称为加岱语。从形态学和音韵学考察，白保罗认为加岱语接近印尼语但更接近台语，台语、加岱语和印尼语合起来构成一个单一的语言复合体。加岱语是这三位一体的过渡成员。1942年他发表了《台语、加岱语和印度尼西亚语——东南亚的一个新联盟》一文，正式提出台语、加岱语不属于汉藏语系，认为它们与印尼语才有真正的发生学上的关系。
1966年和1967年，白保罗连续在《行为科学札记》上发表3篇文章，把台语、加岱语、印尼语和台湾、大洋洲的语言归在一起建立澳泰语系。1975年，他又把苗瑶语也归到“澳—泰语系”中。
1972年在马提索夫的协助下，本尼迪克特的《汉藏语言概论》手稿正式出版。这一版本提供了700条藏缅词源形式，以及数百条藏缅语与汉语同源词的比较，为许多人接受，成为现代汉藏／藏缅历史比较的重要文献。
由于白保罗的观点得到马提索夫及其他西方汉藏语言学者的支持，其分类观点也被简称为白马系统。他们关于汉藏语系分类的研究形成了白马系统与李罗系统对峙的局面。
在中国，多数汉藏语言学者不赞成白保罗的观点，从上世纪80年代起，一些中国学者提出一些反证，支持李、罗的划分。他们大量撰文论述侗台语与汉语的同源关系，有力地推动了这一领域的研究朝纵深方向发展。李、罗的划分在中国仍占主导地位，但在国际上，两种观点势均力敌，谁也说服不了谁。这是由于这些语言不同于印欧语，难于找到稳定的成分证明其同源关系，研究方法与思路有缺陷，存在一些令人困惑的问题。
近20年来，一些学者努力在理论方法上探索。徐通锵从理论上总结出“三步法”；邢公畹提出深层对应法；陈保亚提出语言接触“无界有阶”理论，并提出核心词分阶考察法，对侗台语与其他语言的关系作出新的解释。
尽管白保罗的“澳泰语系假设”存在诸多不足，仍有很多争议，但他关于语言远缘关系的思想不容抹杀。马提索夫认为他的贡献之一是“把汉语放在了一个语言共同区域中更为均衡的语言地位上”。白马系统对东亚和南亚语系属关系研究的冲击和影响是巨大的。

本书收录邢福义教授自1955年至1991年寄给父亲的信件，时间跨度37年。其中也穿插进了作者妻子谭漱谷、儿子邢孔亮和女儿邢孔昭所写信件等相关材料。全书信件，按时间顺序排列，每年为一个部分。全书反映了作者及其家人37年间的人生历程和家庭变迁，展示了作者从语言学的入门迷茫，到研究试探，再到寻路前行的学术生涯，同时也折射了我们国家该时期的社会变革。

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A child's very first word is a miraculous sound, the opening note in a lifelong symphony. Most parents never forget the moment. But that first word is soon followed by a second and a third, and by the age of three, children are typically learning ten new words every day and speaking in complete sentences. The process seems effortless, and for children, it is. But how exactly does it happen? How do children learn language? And why is it so much harder to do later in life?
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Drawing on cutting-edge developments in biology, neurology, psychology, and linguistics, Charles Yang's The Infinite Gift takes us inside the astonishingly complex but largely subconscious process by which children learn to talk and to understand the spoken word.
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Yang illuminates the rich mysteries of language: why French newborns already prefer the sound of French to English; why baby-talk, though often unintelligible, makes perfect linguistic sense; why babies born deaf still babble -- but with their hands; why the grammars of some languages may be evolutionarily stronger than others; and why one of the brain's earliest achievements may in fact be its most complex.
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Yang also puts forth an exciting new theory. Building on Noam Chomsky's notion of a universal grammar -- the idea that every human being is born with an intuitive grasp of grammar -- Yang argues that we learn our native languages in part by unlearning the grammars of all the rest.
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This means that the next time you hear a child make a grammatical mistake, it may not be a mistake at all; his or her grammar may be perfectly correct in Chinese or Navajo or ancient Greek. This is the brain's way of testing its options as it searches for the local and thus correct grammar -- and then discards all the wrong ones.
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And we humans, Yang shows, are not the only creatures who learn this way. In fact, learning by unlearning may be an ancient evolutionary mechanism that runs throughout the animal kingdom. Thus, babies learn to talk in much the same way that birds learn to sing.
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Enlivened by Yang's experiences with his own young son, The Infinite Gift is as charming as it is challenging, as thoughtful as it is thought-provoking. An absorbing read for parents, educators, and anyone who has ever wondered about the origins of that uniquely human gift: our ability to speak and, just as miraculous, to understand one another.
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This book traces the linguistic turns in the history of modern philosophy and the development of the philosophy of language from Locke to Wittgenstein. It examines the contributions of canonical figures such as Leibniz, Mill, Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Austin, Quine, and Davidson, as well as those of Condillac, Humboldt, Chomsky, and Derrida. Michael Losonsky argues that the philosophy of language begins with Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding. He shows how the history of the philosophy of language in the modern period is marked by a dichotomy between formal and pragmatic perspectives on language and that modern philosophy has not been able to integrate these two aspects of human language. Language as a human activity and language as a syntactic and semantic system remain distinct and competing focal points, although the interplay between these points of view has driven the development of the philosophy of language.

This revised and expanded edition provides a comprehensive overview of comparative Indo-European linguistics and the branches of the Indo-European language family, covering both linguistic and cultural material.Now offering even greater coverage than the first edition, it is the definitive introduction to the field. Updated, corrected, and expanded edition, containing new illustrations of selected texts and inscriptions, and text samples with translations and etymological commentary
Extensively covers individual histories of both ancient and modern languages of the Indo-European family
Provides an overview of Proto-Indo-European culture, society, and language
Designed for use in courses, with exercises and suggestions for further reading included in each chapter
Includes maps, a glossary, a bibliography, and comprehensive word and subject indexes

Authoritative and wide-ranging, this book examines the history of western linguistics over a 2000-year timespan, from its origins in ancient Greece up to the crucial moment of change in the Renaissance that laid the foundations of modern linguistics. Some of today's burning questions about language date back a long way: in 1400 BC Plato was asking how words relate to reality. Other questions go back just a few generations, such as our interest in the mechanisms of language change, or in the social factors that shape the way we speak. Vivien Law explores how ideas about language over the centuries have changed to reflect changing modes of thinking. A survey chapter brings the coverage of the book up to the present day. Classified bibliographies and chapters on research resources and the qualities the historian of linguistics needs to develop, provide the reader with the tools to go further.

卫藏方言是藏语标准语的基础方言。资深语言研究学者瞿霭堂研究藏语方言半个世纪，尤其是卫藏方言。作者走遍西藏山山水水，广泛进行田野调查。50年代的辛苦留下了宝贵的资料。他与劲松按照自己构建的系统和框架，对资料进行了整理，并以此为基础对卫藏方言做了详尽系统的梳理和探讨，撰写成目前可说是全国仅有的具有完整调查资料并有专业系统研究理论的卫藏方言语法学术之作《藏语卫藏方言研究》，在藏语方言的理论研究与实际应用上给学界留下了极其可贵的范本。

This edited volume investigates the role of phonetics and phonology in psycholinguistics. Speaking and understanding spoken language both engage phonological and phonetic knowledge. There are detailed models of phonological and phonetic encoding in language production and there are equally refined models of phonetic and phonological processing in language comprehension. However, since most psycholinguists work on either language production or comprehension, the relationship between the two has received surprisingly little attention. Prominent researchers in various areas of psycholinguistics were invited to discuss this relationship focusing on the phonological and phonetic components.