This pioneering work, in hardback, by Jörg Guido Hülsmann, professor of economics at the University of Angers in France and the author of Mises: The Last knight of Liberalism, is the first full study of a critically important issue today: the ethics of money production.
He is speaking not in the colloquial sense of the phrase "making money," but rather the actual production of money as a commodity in the whole economic life. The choice of the money we use in exchange is not something that needs to be established and fixed by government.
In fact, his thesis is that a government monopoly on money production and management has no ethical or economic grounding at all. Legal tender laws, bailout guarantees, tax-backed deposit insurance, and the entire apparatus that sustains national monetary systems, has been wholly unjustified. Money, he argues, should be a privately produced good like any other, such as clothing or food.
In arguing this way, he is disputing centuries of assumptions about money for which an argument is rarely offered. People just assume that government or central banks operating under government control should manage money. Hulsmann explores monetary thought from the ancient world through the middle ages to modern times to show that the monopolists are wrong. There is a strong case in both economic and ethical terms for the idea that money production should be wholly private.
He takes on the "stabilization" advocates to show that government management doesn't lead to stability but to inflation and instability. He goes further to argue against even the theoretical case for stabilization, to say that money's value should be governed by the market, and that that the costs associated with private production are actually an advantage. He chronicles the decline of money once nationalized, from legally sanctioned counterfeiting to the creation of paper money all the way to hyperinflation. In his normative analysis, the author depends heavily on the monetary writings of 14th century Bishop Nicole Oresme, whose monetary writings have been overlooked even by historians of economic thought. He makes a strong case that "paper money has never been introduced through voluntary cooperation. In all known cases it has been introduced through coercion and compulsion, sometimes with the threat of the death penalty. … Paper money by its very nature involves the violation of property rights through monopoly and legal-tender privileges."
The book is also eerily prophetic of our times:
Consider the current U.S. real-estate boom. Many Americans are utterly convinced that American real estate is the one sure bet in economic life. No matter what happens on the stock market or in other strata of the economy, real estate will rise. They believe themselves to have found a bonanza, and the historical figures confirm this. Of course this belief is an illusion, but the characteristic feature of a boom is precisely that people throw any critical considerations overboard. They do not realize that their money producer—the Fed—has possibly already entered the early stages of hyperinflation, and that the only reason why this has been largely invisible was that most of the new money has been exported outside of the U.S… Because a paper-money producer can bail out virtually anybody, the citizens become reckless in their speculations; they count on him to bail them out, especially when many other people do the same thing. To fight such behavior effectively, one must abolish paper money. Regulations merely drive the reckless behavior into new channels.
Hulsmann has provided not only a primer in understanding our times, but a dramatic extension of the work of Menger, Mises, Hayek, Rothbard, and others to map out an economically radical and ethically challenging case for the complete separation of money and state, and a case for the privatization of money production. It is a sweeping and learned treatise that is rigorous, scholarly, and radical.
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Money Production and Justice
Remarks about Relevant Literature
Part 1: The Natural Production of Money
Monies
The Division of Labor without Money
The Origin and Nature of Money
Natural Monies
Credit Money
Paper Money and the Free Market
Electronic Money
Money Certificates
Certificates Physically Integrated with Money
Certificates Physically Disconnected from Money
Money within the Market Process
Money Production and Prices
Scope and Limits of Money Production.
Distribution Effects
The Ethics of Producing Money
The Ethics of Using Money
Utilitarian Considerations on the Production of Money
The Sufficiency of Natural Money Production
Economic Growth and the Money Supply
Hoarding
Fighting Deflation
Sticky Prices
The Economics of Cheap Money
Monetary Stability
The Costs of Commodity Money
Part 2: Inflation
General Considerations on Inflation
The Origin and Nature of Inflation
The Forms of Inflation
Private Inflation: Counterfeiting Money Certificates
Debasement
Fractional-Reserve Certificates
Three Origins of Fractional-Reserve Banking
Indirect Benefits of Counterfeiting in a Free Society .
The Ethics of Counterfeiting
Enters the State: Fiat Inflation through Legal Privileges
Treacherous Clerks
Fiat Money and Fiat Money Certificates
Fiat Inflation and Fiat Deflation
Legalized Falsifications
Legalizing Debasement and Fractional Reserves
The Ethics of Legalizing Falsifications
Legal Monopolies
Economic Monopolies versus Legal Monopolies
Monopoly Bullion
Monopoly Certificates
The Ethics of Monetary Monopoly
Legal-Tender Laws
Fiat Equivalence and Gresham’s Law
Bimetallism
Legal-Tender Privileges for Money Certificates
Legal-Tender Privileges for Credit Money
Business Cycles
Moral Hazard, Cartelization, and Central Banks
Monopoly Legal Tender
The Ethics of Legal Tender
Legalized Suspensions of Payments
The Social Function of Bankruptcy
The Economics of Legalized Suspensions
The Ethics of Legalized Suspensions
Paper Money
The Origins and Nature of Paper Money
Reverse Transubstantiations
The Limits of Paper Money
Moral Hazard and Public Debts
Moral Hazard, Hyperinflation, and Regulation
The Ethics of Paper Money
The Cultural and Spiritual Legacy of Fiat Inflation
Inflation Habits
Hyper-Centralized Government
Fiat Inflation and War
Inflation and Tyranny
Race to the Bottom in Monetary Organization
Business under Fiat Inflation
The Debt Yoke
Some Spiritual Casualties of Fiat Inflation
Suffocating the Flame
Part 3: Monetary Order and Monetary Systems
Monetary Order
The Natural Order of Money Production
Cartels of Credit-Money Producers
Fiat Monetary Systems in the Realm of the Nation-State
Toward National Paper-Money Producers: European Experiences
Toward National Paper-Money Producers: American Experiences
The Problem of the Foreign Exchanges
International Banking Systems, 1871–1971
The Classical Gold Standard
The Gold-Exchange Standard
The System of Bretton Woods
Appendix: IMF and World Bank after Bretton Woods
International Paper-Money Systems, 1971– ?
The Emergence of Paper-Money Standards
Paper-Money Merger: The Case of the Euro
The Dynamics of Multiple Paper-Money Standards
Dead End of the World Paper-Money Union
Conclusion
Two Concepts of Capitalism
Monetary Reform
References
Index of Names
Index of Subjects

Rothbard's most famous monetary essay has appeared in multiple editions and influenced two generations of economists, investors, and businessmen. After presenting the basics of money and banking theory, he traces the decline of the dollar from the 18th century to the present, and provides lucid critiques of central banking, New Deal monetary policy, Nixonian fiat money, and fixed exchange rates. He also provides a blueprint for a return to a 100 percent reserve gold standard.

20世纪60年代人口爆炸和全球饥荒令人忧心忡忡，70年代资源枯竭甚嚣尘上，80年代酸雨来了，90年代轮到瘟疫。21世纪初，全世界为全球变暖集体焦虑。可是，这些恐慌（除了最后一个）全都来了又走了。人类只是运气太好吗？
主流的悲观论调宣称情况正在越变越糟，但他们已经这么说了整整两百年。
再看看实际情况。食品供给、收入和人均寿命步步走高，疾病、儿童死亡率和暴力事件轮番下降；生活必需品和奢侈品确实变得更便宜了；继亚洲摆脱贫困之后，非洲也跟上了它的脚步；互联网、手机和集装箱运输前所未有地丰富了人们的生活。生活实际上越变越好，全球皆然。
本书不光阐述了情况怎样越变越好，还解释了原因。繁荣来自人人为人人效力。始于十多万年前的交换和专业分工习惯，创造出加速改善人类生活水平的集体大脑。
这本大胆的书涵盖了人类的整个历史，从石器时代说到互联网，从旧制度的积重难返讲到蒸汽机的发明，从新近的人口爆炸谈到气候变化可能的后果。天灾人祸固然必不可免，但多亏了人类发明创造的无穷能力，21世纪必将实现巨大的经济繁荣，最可能发生的不是气候的灾难性变化，而是中国人、印度人、非洲人，都过得像美国人那样欣欣向荣。

约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯（John Maynard Keynes，1883—1946）是当代西方经济学界具有深远影响的英国资产阶级经济学家。他的兴趣和活动是多方面的，但就其主导方面来说，他是一个以传统的货币学家起家，然后转而建立非传统的就业、产量一般理论为主攻方向的经济学家；是一个最初信奉萨伊定律、歌颂自由放任的自由资本主义、然后转而倡导政府敢于的国家垄断资本主义的经济学家。他的三部主要经济著作：1923年出版《货币改革论》、1930年出版的《货币论》和1936年出版的《就业、利息和货币通论》，在理论体系和政策主张方面，前后差异很大。可以说，它们是他的经济学说不断演变、发展的总过程的三部曲。
《货币论》一书在凯恩斯的上述三部曲中，是一部过渡性的重要著作，在凯恩斯《就业通论》的形成过程中，有它的独特地位。《货币论》的中心内容是：将《货币改革论》中的货币数量论加以修订，增加一些认为被忽略了的因素，扩展“货币价值的基本方程式”；并以此作为理论基础，论述物价水平的稳定和经济的均衡。
《货币论》的全部目的在于，考察如何维持物价水平的稳定和经济的均衡，如何维持投资与储蓄之间的相等，如何促使市场利率与自然利率相一致。具体建议是实行银行体系的货币金融管理，操纵并调节利率去影响投资率，使投资与储蓄相等，并保持稳定，从而达到价格稳定与经济均衡的战略目的。我们可以说，《货币论》是一部物价决定理论：以物价稳定为轴心，对影响物价波动之各种因素进行理论上和政策上的探索和分析。

本书中的这些文章是在1910-1950年这40年间所写，这十篇主要的文章，除了关于马克思的那篇以外，都是由熊彼特本人亲自挑选的。附录中关于克纳普、维塞尔和博特基威茨的三篇短文是根据哥特弗里德・哈伯勒教授的建议收入的，他认为应该重新出版它们，并和其他传记体的文章一起选入本书。除马克思以外，作者和这些传记文章的主人公之间有着密切的关系。熊彼特的特点是：对历史的和纯理论的东西、计量经济学和收集到的大量实际资料、社会学以及统计学，他持赞赏态度，认为它们有用。如此广泛的兴趣也反映在这些传记性的作品中。

《就业利息和货币通论》中所阐述的财政政策和货币政策，着眼于提出一种理论依据和基本原则，只是大纲至于这种政策的实施和运作程序还有待于执行者的发挥。尽管作者给出的只是提纲挈领，但这种国家干预主义的思想去向人们展示了一个崭新的世界。这种思想也当之无愧地成为推动一场思想革命的原动力。

At the time of his death in 1950, Joseph Schumpeter--one of the great economists of the first half of the 20th century--was working on his monumental History of Economic Analysis. A complete history of efforts to understand the subject of economics from ancient Greece to the present, this book is an important contribution to the history of ideas as well as to economics. Although never fully completed, it has gained recognition as a modern classic due to its broad scope and original examination of significant historical events. Complete with a new introduction by Mark Perlman, who outlines the structure of the book and puts Schumpeters work into current perspective, History of Economic Analysis remains a reflection of Schumpeters diverse interests in history, philosophy, sociology, and psychology. Major topics include the techniques of economic analysis, contemporaneous developments in other sciences, and the sociology of economics; economic writings from Plato and Aristotle up through the time of Adam Smith, including the medieval scholastics and natural-law philosophers; the work of Malthus, Mill, Ricardo, Marx, and the important European economists; the history, sociology, psychology, and economics of the period 1879-1914; and modern economic developments. Schumpeter perceived economics as a human science, and this lucid and insightful volume reflects that perception, creating a work that is of major importance to the history of economics.

David Romer's "Advanced Macroeconomics, 3e" is the standard text and the starting point for graduate macro courses, and helps lay the groundwork for students to begin doing research in macroeconomics and monetary economics. A series of formal models are used to present and analyze important macroeconomic theories. The theories are supplemented by examples of relevant empirical work, which illustrate the ways that theories can be applied and tested. This well-respected and well-known text is unique in the marketplace.

This graduate text provides an intuitive but rigorous treatment of contemporary methods used in microeconometric research. The book makes clear that applied microeconometrics is about the estimation of marginal and treatment effects, and that parametric estimation is simply a means to this end. It also clarifies the distinction between causality and statistical association.<br /> <br /> The book focuses specifically on cross section and panel data methods. Population assumptions are stated separately from sampling assumptions, leading to simple statements as well as to important insights. The unified approach to linear and nonlinear models and to cross section and panel data enables straightforward coverage of more advanced methods. The numerous end-of-chapter problems are an important component of the book. Some problems contain important points not fully described in the text, and others cover new ideas that can be analyzed using tools presented in the current and previous chapters. Several problems require the use of the data sets located at the author's website.

《经济史理论》作者约翰·希克斯是当代西方世界的著名经济学家,1972年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者。希克斯著述很多,他的经济理念自成体系,有一定影响。《经济史理论》1969年由牛津大学出版社出版,1973年再版。全书共十章。内容包括市场的兴起,货币、法规和信用制度的发展,农业的商业化过程,劳工市场的变化,工业革命的历史等。作者把人类经济活动的历史区分为两种类型,即自由放任或集中干涉,这种看法具体体现在上述各个专题的阐述之中。

A million copy seller, Henry Hazlitt’s Economics in One Lesson is a classic economic primer. But it is also much more, having become a fundamental influence on modern “libertarian” economics of the type espoused by Ron Paul and others.
Considered among the leading economic thinkers of the “Austrian School,” which includes Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich (F.A.) Hayek, and others, Henry Hazlitt (1894-1993), was a libertarian philosopher, an economist, and a journalist. He was the founding vice-president of the Foundation for Economic Education and an early editor of The Freeman magazine, an influential libertarian publication. Hazlitt wrote Economics in One Lesson , his seminal work, in 1946. Concise and instructive, it is also deceptively prescient and far-reaching in its efforts to dissemble economic fallacies that are so prevalent they have almost become a new orthodoxy.
Many current economic commentators across the political spectrum have credited Hazlitt with foreseeing the collapse of the global economy which occurred more than 50 years after the initial publication of Economics in One Lesson . Hazlitt’s focus on non-governmental solutions, strong — and strongly reasoned — anti-deficit position, and general emphasis on free markets, economic liberty of individuals, and the dangers of government intervention make Economics in One Lesson , every bit as relevant and valuable today as it has been since publication.

《一课经济学》是美国著名经济专栏作家亨利•黑兹利特专为社会大众撰写的经济学入门读物。全书包括三大部分26章，以一堂课的形式，深入浅出地讨论了涉及现实社会经济生活的诸多问题，例如公共建设工程、税收、政府信贷、就业与失业、关税、最低工资、进出口、价格体系、房租管制、工会、最低工资、利润、储蓄、通货膨胀等，以最简单的阐述方式，向读者逐次解读这些复杂的经济问题背后的真相、什么样的经济政策会造成什么样的结果。
同时，针对那些广为流传的经济理论或学说中存在的谬误，黑兹利特进行了毫不留情的揭露、批驳，从而帮助社会大众更了解经济世界运作的法则。

《经济和你想的不一样:经济学十大误解》内容简介：经济是不公平的，经济是不稳定的，经济是不可持续的。谁也没有真正预测到2008年经济危机的到来，包括所有的经济学家。是经济发生了改变。还是我们没有看到经济的真相。
《经济和你想的不一样:经济学十大误解》针对经济学的十大正统观点，追溯历史，正本清源，最终还给你一个真实的经济世界。
经济学对经济的十大误解——经济可以用经济规律来描述，经济由相互独立的个体组成，经济是稳定的，经济风险可以轻而易举地用统计学来管理，经济是理性的、有效率的，经济是无性别差异的，经济是公平的，经济可以无限增长下去，经济增长会让我们快乐，经济增长总是好事。

Brand-new INTRODUCING guide to the subject that really makes the world go round. Economics was described by the English economist Lionel Robbins in 1935 as 'the science of scarcity' but these days economics is everywhere, and it's never been more popular - as bestselling books such as Freakanomics attest. But what is economics really all about? What do the great economists think, and what can economics do for us today? David Orrell, author of Economyths, explains all in Introducing's trademark intelligent but witty stle, accompanied by brilliant illustrations from the legendary Borin van Loon.

From the inability of wealth to make us happier, to our catastrophic blindness to the credit crunch, Economyths reveals ten ways in which economics has failed us all. Forecasters predicted a prosperous year in 2008 for financial markets - in one influential survey the average prediction was for an eleven percent gain. But by the end of the year, the Standard and Poor's 500 index - a key economic barometer - was down 38 percent, and major economies were plunging into recession. Even the Queen asked - "Why did no one see it coming?" An even bigger casualty was the credibility of economics, which for decades has claimed that the economy is a rational, stable, efficient machine, governed by well-understood laws. Mathematician David Orrell traces the history of this idea from its roots in ancient Greece to the financial centres of London and New York, shows how it is mistaken, and proposes new alternatives. Economyths explains how the economy is the result of complex and unpredictable processes; how risk models go astray; why the economy is not rational or fair; why no woman has ever won the Nobel Prize for economics; why financial crashes are less Black Swans than part of the landscape; and finally, how new ideas in mathematics, psychology, and environmentalism are helping to reinvent economics.

《富国的伪善》准确地预言了当下的危机，那是不太合乎事实的，但是这次危机的确证实了《富国的伪善》所提出的两个中心命题。首先，这场危机暴露了新自由主义经济理论的缺陷，而这些理论正是《富国的伪善－自由贸易的迷思与资本主义秘史》所批判的对象。《富国的伪善》揭示了新自由主义政策，比如解除管制、开放市场和私有化，是如何造成了更缓慢的增长、更大的收入差距以及更多的经济不稳定。时至今日，虽然富国的经济绩效也有所恶化，但主要还是发展中国家深受其害。不过，这场危机表明，即便在富国，新自由主义政策也行不通了。危机结束后，新自由主义所取得的经济成绩将会比现在更加糟糕。
其次，这场危机证实了富国的伪善最富戏剧性的一面，而这也正是《富国的伪善－自由贸易的迷思与资本主义秘史》所讨论到的。在书中，我揭露了富国是如何向中国这样的发展中国家宣传一套，却又实践另外一套。在历史上，为了发展经济，富国广泛地运用保护主义、工业和金融业的国有制、管制外国投资、疏于执行知识产权法律等政策，但是现在它们却告诫发展中国家不要采用，因为这些都是“坏”的政策。这种伪善没有成为过去的历史。比如，我在《富国的伪善－自由贸易的迷思与资本主义秘史》第七章中指出，富国为了使发展中国家“量人为出”，强迫它们在金融危机时期实现预算盈余，但是每当富国自己经历金融危机之时，却总是诉诸“寅吃卯粮”的赤字开支政策。