当战争成为记忆以后，记忆也成为了战争——
将目光投向被刻意遮掩的过去，审视日本的历史问题与战争责任，
探索重塑战争记忆的过程中，国家、媒体和个人都扮演了怎样的角色，
直面当代日本人的困境、社会的断裂，以及形塑战后社会的战败阴影。
◎ 内容简介
1945年8月15日正午，昭和天皇向日本全国广播了《终战诏书》，同意无条件投降，第二次世界大战就此结束。七十余年后，战败文化成了日本集体生活中不可磨灭的一部分。然而，对于谁该为战争负责和谁有罪，日本社会内部出现了旷日持久的分裂，裂缝之下的是两个根本性的问题 ：为什么要打一场打不赢的战争？为什么要为一场注定失败的战争杀戮和牺牲？
在本书中，桥本明子探究了三种互相抵触的战争记忆：“受害者”“施害者”和“英雄记忆”。这种分歧形塑了战后一代人对历史和自身的理解，并影响至今。桥本明子借助民族志、访谈和影像分析，以丰富的史料和严谨的分析，再现了日本战败创伤记忆的建构过程：政府、传媒、国家在其中分别扮演了怎样的角色？个体沉默、后代沉默、媒体沉默的背后又有什么样的因由？民族主义、和平主义、和解主义，哪条才是面对这段黑暗历史的正确通路？不论个人还是国家，唯有诚实地回答这些问题，汲取其中的历史经验，才能超越分歧与创伤，免于重蹈覆辙。
◎ 作品看点
★ 深刻理解战后日本历史问题的关键所在，了解日本政府如何搪塞战争责任，普通民众如何回避战争责任。
战争结束后，面对难以弥合的文化创伤，日本社会内部出现了三种截然不同的战争记忆，分别视日本为这场战争的牺牲者、受害者和施害者，据此延伸出三种处理历史问题的方式：民族主义、和平主义与和解主义。厘清战争记忆的来龙去脉，深究其社会和政治根源，方能理解战后日本为何在三个选项中游移不定，始终未能正视其战争责任和历史问题。
★ 纪念活动、影视作品、报刊漫画，谁在形塑日本的战争历史？
作者以一手资料探查日本战争历史的形塑过程：力图重建国家尊严的官方纪念活动和政治表演；采用纪录片、读者来信、社论等形式，重启战争责任核查，以期日本能承担战争责任的报刊媒体；强调个人和家族在战争中的悲惨遭遇，以受害者身份呼吁和平主义的动画电影……战争记忆不是铁板一块，是国家、个体、媒体等在历史话语权微妙博弈的结果。
★ 当基础教育服务于政治诉求，教科书何以成为战争记忆的新战场？
作者深入分析了5家出版社的15本历史和公民学高中教材，探索主流日本教材以何种立场和视角解读战争历史：是有意识选择的侵略之战？还是因政治经济压力、不得已为之的必要之战？用词和叙事框架的不同选择，暗含着截然不同的价值观念和道德判断。
★ 著名学者沙青青导读，孙歌、小熊英二、伊恩·布鲁玛诚挚推荐。
◎ 名人推荐
如果你想知道日本人对战争历史的看法，这是本必读之作。日本的战争记忆并非只有一种：讲述英雄的“美丽之国”的记忆，讲述被害者的“悲剧之国”的记忆，讲述加害者的“可憎之国”的记忆交织在一起。读者能在本书中发现历史认识问题的必要史实和理论。此外，也能学到如何正确地批评生我养我的祖国的过错，追求普遍性的道德的知识分子的做法吧。
——小熊英二
桥本明子运用自己的聪敏、鲜明的个人风格和彻底的诚实，写了一个读之令人心酸的话题。这是一个如此罕见的组合，每个对历史感兴趣的人都应该注意到这一点。
——伊恩·布鲁玛
本书以新的研究方式讨论了一个老问题：分裂的三种战争记忆形态，以及由此而来的重建统一道德的困境。这个二战结束之后困扰了几代日本人的老问题，曾经在日本思想界内部和日本社会引起过多次争论。本书并没有给这个老问题增添新内容，但却令人信服地告诉我们，这个老问题并没有解决，因而并没有过时；世代更迭，它仍然还在，并催生着后续效应。
作者的国际化生活背景，以英文读者为对象的写作动机，使本书使用了浅尝辄止的“外部视角”。与日本社会的距离感使作者避免陷入其内部的思想冲突，但也妨碍了本书的思想深度。对希望了解日本战争记忆的中文读者来说，本书或许是很合适的入门书，期待它可以引发关于和解的进一步追问与思考。
——孙歌
对绝大多数人来说，第二次世界大战已不再是一种生活经历。但在今天的东亚，战争记忆的政治比以往任何时候都更加分裂。桥本明子以一种比较的视角，对日本人在战后十几年间处理创伤记忆的方式进行了深入而富有同情心的分析。
——安德鲁·戈登，哈佛大学历史学教授
无论在理论还是在实践层面，《漫长的战败》都可堪称是一项重要的成就。这场长期的失败暴露了日本在身份认知上令人震惊的裂痕，这些裂痕将在未来几十年影响全球政治。
——杰弗里·C.亚历山大，耶鲁大学社会学教授
在桥本的文化分析之中，她更多的将着眼点放在微观层面的家庭，以及集体记忆在非西方国家形成的方式与目前占据主导地位的西方国家的不同之处。这是一本写得很好的书，文笔流畅观点犀利。
——马克·A.沃尔夫格拉姆，哥伦比亚大学人权研究所教授
《漫长的战败》为zui近兴起的关于“集体记忆”讨论提供了一份宝贵的贡献。不过，在这本书里，桥本却深刻地质疑了这一概念的价值，反而认为对于战争创伤，人们有着相互竞争，不一致的记忆，这对于理解当代日本尤为重要。
——《美国社会学杂志》
桥本把我们的目光吸引到民族主义、和平主义与妥协主义的交织叙述当中，以此激励长期笼罩在战败阴影之下的民族和政治认同。
——《日本时代》
在这本及时、读之令人心酸、语言简洁流畅的书中，桥本审视了日本自战后就一直存在的“历史问题”。通过针对大量的初级材料进行研究：电影、电视，报纸、纪录片、小说、访谈、口述历史，教科书……她的结论是，从日本的角度来看，对这场战争，日本从没有过一致或统一的叙述。总结：这是一本必读书。
——CHOICE

For the past fifty years anxiety over the problem of naturalism has driven debates in social theory. One side pursues the idea of social science as another kind of natural science, while the other radically rejects the possibility of objective and explanatory knowledge. All of the various developments in social scientific theory since then have reflected this dichotomy between naturalism and post-modernism. "Interpretation and Social Knowledge" suggests a third way, reframing this debate and offering a synthetic vision that sets out a new understanding of sociological interpretation. Analyzing the work of writers such as Theda Skocpol, Clifford Geertz, Leela Gandhi, Roy Bhaskar, Foucault, and Habermas, Isaac Ariail Reed delineates three epistemic modes of social research: realism, normativism, and interpretivism. Reed argues that the last mode provides a way forward for an anti-naturalist sociology that overcomes the opposition between interpretation and explanation and uses theory to build concrete, historically specific causal explanations of social phenomena. Both an examination of and a theoretical meditation on how social investigators do their work, "Interpretation and Social Knowledge" is an ingenious and fruitful exploration of what makes the human sciences uniquely capable of revealing and explaining our world.

It is commonly assumed that capitalism has created an a-emotional world dominated by bureaucratic rationality; that economic behavior conflicts with intimate, authentic relationships; that the public and private spheres are irremediably opposed to each other; and that true love is opposed to calculation and self-interest. Eva Illouz rejects these conventional ideas and argues that the culture of capitalism has fostered an intensely emotional culture in the workplace, in the family, and in our own relationship to ourselves. She argues that economic relations have become deeply emotional, while close, intimate relationships have become increasingly defined by economic and political models of bargaining, exchange, and equity. This dual process by which emotional and economic relationships come to define and shape each other is called emotional capitalism. Illouz finds evidence of this process of emotional capitalism in various social sites: self-help literature, women's magazines, talk shows, support groups, and the Internet dating sites. How did this happen? What are the social consequences of the current preoccupation with emotions? How did the public sphere become saturated with the exposure of private life? Why does suffering occupy a central place in contemporary identity? How has emotional capitalism transformed our romantic choices and experiences? Building on and revising the intellectual legacy of critical theory, this book addresses these questions and offers a new interpretation of the reasons why the public and the private, the economic and the emotional spheres have become inextricably intertwined.

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Mary Douglas is a central figure within British social anthropology. Studying under Evans-Pritchard at Oxford immediately after the war, she formed part of the group of anthropologists who established social anthropology's standing in the world of scholarship. Her works, spanning the second half of the twentieth century, have been widely read and her theories applied across the social sciences and humanities.

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Minor debts, derisive remarks, a fight over a parking space, butting in line—these are the little things that nevertheless account for much of the violence in human society. But why? Roger V. Gould considers this intriguing question in Collision of Wills. He argues that human conflict is more likely to occur in symmetrical relationships—among friends or social equals—than in hierarchical ones, wherein the difference of social rank between the two individuals is already established.
This, he maintains, is because violence most often occurs when someone wants to achieve superiority or dominance over someone else, even if there is no substantive reason for doing so. In making the case for this original idea, Gould explores a diverse range of examples, including murders, blood feuds, vendettas, revolutions, and the everyday disagreements that compel people to act violently. The result is an intelligent and provocative work that restores the study of conflict to the center of social inquiry.
From the Inside Flap
Minor debts, derisive remarks, a fight over a parking space, butting in line—these are the little things that nevertheless account for much of the violence in human society. But why? Roger V. Gould considers this intriguing question in Collision of Wills. He argues that human conflict is more likely to occur in symmetrical relationships—among friends or social equals—than in hierarchical ones, wherein the difference of social rank between the two individuals is already established.
This, he maintains, is because violence most often occurs when someone wants to achieve superiority or dominance over someone else, even if there is no substantive reason for doing so. In making the case for this original idea, Gould explores a diverse range of examples, including murders, blood feuds, vendettas, revolutions, and the everyday disagreements that compel people to act violently. The result is an intelligent and provocative work that restores the study of conflict to the center of social inquiry.

Fielding Transnationalism presents a collection of original essays that explore the promises of the theory of social fields, a concept advanced most prominently by Pierre Bourdieu, for the analysis of global relations.
Features contributions from leading experts who scrutinize how transnational relationships in different areas are shaped by field dynamics
Draws on case studies ranging from the fields of religion, journalism, human rights, the social sciences, imperial governance, and the arts to the European Central Bank
Combines theoretical discussion with empirical approaches to provide an essential teaching resource on global issues
Offers a conceptual toolkit for researchers concerned with international and transnational phenomena across the social sciences

First published in 1985, "Habits of the Heart" continues to be one of the most discussed interpretations of modern American society, a quest for a democratic community that draws on our diverse civic and religious traditions. In a new preface the authors relate the arguments of the book both to the current realities of American society and to the growing debate about the country's future. With this new edition one of the most influential books of recent times takes on a new immediacy.

This book illustrates a set of tools - story grammars, relational data models, and network models - that can be profitably used for the collection, organization, and analysis of narrative data in socio-historical research. A story grammar, or Subject-Action-Object and their modifiers, is the linguistic tool the author uses to structure narrative for the purpose of collecting event data. Relational database models make such complex data collection schemes practically feasible in a computer environment. Finally, network models are a statistical tool best suited to analyze this type of data. Driven by the metaphors of the journal (from ...to) and the alchemy (words into numbers), the book leads the reader throughout a number of paths, from substantive to methodological issues, across time and disciplines: sociology, linguistics, literary criticism, history, statistics, computer science, philosophy, cognitive psychology, political science.

Rightly fearing that unscrupulous rulers would break them up, seize their resources, or submit them to damaging forms of intervention, strong networks of trust such as kinship groups, clandestine religious sects, and trade diasporas have historically insulated themselves from political control by a variety of strategies. Drawing on a vast range of comparisons over time and space, Charles Tilly asks and answers how, and with what consequences, members of trust networks have evaded, compromised with, or even sought connections with political regimes.

本文以清代同治年间西北回民起义后被清政府"善后"安置在六盘山-泾河上游地区的陕西回民("陕回")为研究对象，考察一个族群的集体记忆是如何在不同的历史语境中生成的，以及实现"异乡"的文化再生的历史过程。

The era of official color-blindness in Latin America has come to an end. For the first time in decades, nearly every state in Latin America now asks their citizens to identify their race or ethnicity on the national census. Most observers approvingly highlight the historic novelty of these reforms, but National Colors shows that official racial classification of citizens has a long history in Latin America.
Through a comprehensive analysis of the politics and practice of official ethnoracial classification in the censuses of nineteen Latin American states across nearly two centuries, this book explains why most Latin American states classified their citizens by race on early national censuses, why they stopped the practice of official racial classification around mid-twentieth century, and why they reintroduced ethnoracial classification on national censuses at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Beyond domestic political struggles, the analysis reveals that the ways that Latin American states classified their populations from the mid-nineteenth century onward responded to changes in international criteria for how to construct a modern nation and promote national development. As prevailing international understandings of what made a political and cultural community a modern nation changed, so too did the ways that Latin American census officials depicted diversity within national populations. The way census officials described populations in official statistics, in turn, shaped how policymakers viewed national populations and informed their prescriptions for national development—with consequences that still reverberate in contemporary political struggles for recognition, rights, and redress for ethnoracially marginalized populations in today's Latin America.

People--especially Americans--are by and large optimists. They're much better at imagining best-case scenarios (I could win the lottery!) than worst-case scenarios (A hurricane could destroy my neighborhood!). This is true not just of their approach to imagining the future, but of their memories as well: people are better able to describe the best moments of their lives than they are the worst.
Though there are psychological reasons for this phenomenon, Karen A.Cerulo, in "Never Saw It Coming, " considers instead the role of society in fostering this attitude. What kinds of communities develop this pattern of thought, which do not, and what does that say about human ability to evaluate possible outcomes of decisions and events?
Cerulo takes readers to diverse realms of experience, including intimate family relationships, key transitions in our lives, the places we work and play, and the boardrooms of organizations and bureaucracies. Using interviews, surveys, artistic and fictional accounts, media reports, historical data, and official records, she illuminates one of the most common, yet least studied, of human traits--a blatant disregard for worst-case scenarios. "Never Saw It Coming, " therefore, will be crucial to anyone who wants to understand human attempts to picture or plan the future.
"In "Never Saw It Coming, " Karen Cerulo argues that in American society there is a 'positive symmetry, ' a tendency to focus on and exaggerate the best, the winner, the most optimistic outcome and outlook. Thus, the conceptions of the worst are underdeveloped and elided. Naturally, as she masterfully outlines, there are dramatic consequences to this characterological inability to imagine and prepare for the worst, as the failure to heed memos leading up to both the 9/11 and NASA Challenger disasters, for instance, so painfully reminded us."--Robin Wagner-Pacifici, Swarthmore College "Katrina, 9/11, and the War in Iraq--all demonstrate the costliness of failing to anticipate worst-case scenarios. "Never Saw It Coming" explains why it is so hard to do so: adaptive behavior hard-wired into human cognition is complemented and reinforced by cultural practices, which are in turn institutionalized in the rules and structures of formal organizations. But Karen Cerulo doesn't just diagnose the problem; she uses case studies of settings in which people effectively anticipate and deal with potential disaster to describe structural solutions to the chronic dilemmas she describes so well. "Never Saw It Coming" is a powerful contribution to the emerging fields of cognitive and moral sociology."--Paul DiMaggio, Princeton University

What makes some communes work, while others fail? Why is it so difficult to put utopian ideals into practice? Rosabeth Kanter offers a unique analysis of the nature and process of enduring commitment, basing her theory of commitment mechanisms on exhaustive research of nineteenth-century utopias, sharpened by first-hand knowledge of a variety of contemporary groups. The book moves in a lively fashion from Oneida, Brook Farm, and the Shakers to present-day phenomena such as rural communes and Synanon.

In this completely revised edition of one of the foundational texts of network sociology, Harrison White refines and enlarges his groundbreaking theory of how social structure and culture emerge from the chaos and uncertainty of social life. Incorporating new contributions from a group of young sociologists and many fascinating and novel case studies, "Identity and Control" is the only major book of social theory that links social structure with the lived experience of individuals, providing a rich perspective on the kinds of social formations that develop in the process. Going beyond traditional sociological dichotomies such as agency/structure, individual/society, or micro/macro, "Identity and Control" presents a toolbox of concepts that will be useful to a wide range of social scientists, as well as those working in public policy, management, or associational life and, beyond, to any reader who is interested in understanding the dynamics of social life.

Review
"An important approach to social inequality."--M. M. Denny, "Choice
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Charles Tilly, in this eloquent manifesto, presents a powerful new approach to the study of persistent social inequality. How, he asks, do long-lasting, systematic inequalities in life chances arise, and how do they come to distinguish members of different socially defined categories of persons? Exploring representative paired and unequal categories, such as male/female, black/white, and citizen/noncitizen, Tilly argues that the basic causes of these and similar inequalities greatly resemble one another. In contrast to contemporary analyses that explain inequality case by case, this account is one of process. Categorical distinctions arise, Tilly says, because they offer a solution to pressing organizational problems. Whatever the "organization" is--as small as a household or as large as a government--the resulting relationship of inequality persists because parties on both sides of the categorical divide come to depend on that solution, despite its drawbacks. Tilly illustrates the social mechanisms that create and maintain paired and unequal categories with a rich variety of cases, mapping out fertile territories for future relational study of durable inequality.