What would something unlike us--a chimpanzee, say, or a computer--have to be able to do to qualify as a possible knower, like us? To answer this question at the very heart of our sense of ourselves, philosophers have long focused on intentionality and have looked to language as a key to this condition. Making It Explicit is an investigation into the nature of language--the social practices that distinguish us as rational, logical creatures--that revises the very terms of this inquiry. Where accounts of the relation between language and mind have traditionally rested on the concept of representation, this book sets out an alternate approach based on inference, and on a conception of certain kinds of implicit assessment that become explicit in language. Making It Explicit is the first attempt to work out in detail a theory that renders linguistic meaning in terms of use--in short, to explain how semantic content can be conferred on expressions and attitudes that are suitably caught up in social practices. </p>
At the center of this enterprise is a notion of discursive commitment. Being able to talk--and so in the fullest sense being able to think--is a matter of mastering the practices that govern such commitments, being able to keep track of one's own commitments and those of others. Assessing the pragmatic significance of speech acts is a matter of explaining the explicit in terms of the implicit. As he traces the inferential structure of the social practices within which things can be made conceptually explicit, the author defines the distinctively expressive role of logical vocabulary. This expressive account of language, mind, and logic is, finally, an account of who we are. </p>

Between Saying and Doing aims to reconcile pragmatism (in both its classical American and its Wittgensteinian forms) with analytic philosophy. It investigates the relations between the meaning of linguistic expressions and their use. Giving due weight both to what one has to do in order to count as saying various things and to what one needs to say in order to specify those doings, makes it possible to shed new light on the relations between semantics (the theory of the meanings of utterances and the contents of thoughts) and pragmatics (the theory of the functional relations among meaningful or contentful items). Among the vocabularies whose interrelated use and meaning are considered are: logical, indexical, modal, normative, and intentional vocabulary. As the argument proceeds, new ways of thinking about the classic analytic core programs of empiricism, naturalism, and functionalism are offered, as well as novel insights about the ideas of artificial intelligence, the nature of logic, and intentional relations between subjects and objects.

This companion probes the full depth of Kierkegaard's thought revealing its distinctive subtlety. The topics covered include Kierkegaard's views on art and religion, ethics and psychology, theology and politics, and knowledge and virtue. Much attention is devoted to the influence of Kierkegaard on twentieth-century philosophy. New readers will find this the most convenient and accessible guide to Kierkegaard currently available. Advanced students and specialists will find a conspectus of recent developments in the interpretation of Kierkegaard.

Exposing the religious roots of our ostensibly godless age, Michael Allen Gillespie reveals in this landmark study that modernity is much less secular than conventional wisdom suggests. Taking as his starting point the collapse of the medieval world, Gillespie argues that from the very beginning, moderns sought not to eliminate religion but to support a new view of religion and its place in human life. He goes on to explore the ideas of such figures as William of Ockham, Petrarch, Erasmus, Luther, Descartes, and Hobbes, showing that modernity is best understood as a series of attempts to formulate a new and coherent metaphysics or theology.

本书对20—21世纪当代元伦理学中的主要论证和论题，提供了一个极具可读性的批判性概述。从G. E. 摩尔的著作开始，到最近自然主义与非自然主义、认知主义与非认知主义之间的各种争论，米勒追溯了当代元伦理学研究的发展历程。
该书探讨了元伦理学领域中所有核心理论和观念：从摩尔对伦理自然主义的批评、A. J. 艾耶尔的情绪主义和西蒙·布莱克本的准实在论，到关于道德真理的反实在论最佳意见解释以及“康奈尔派实在论者”的非还原论自然主义。在第2版中，米勒不仅全面修订和更新了原先的进阶阅读指南，还新增了关于理查德·乔伊斯的变革虚构主义与马克·卡尔德隆的诠释虚构主义两节重要内容。
对关注当代元伦理学的学生、教师和职业哲学家来说，该书第2版仍是必备书。

---------专家推荐----------
✨ 当代元伦理学领域呈现出一幅令人眼花缭乱的图景，复杂理论迭出，新旧观念交织，围绕一些基本问题争论不休，甚至对如何描述这些问题都莫衷一是。《元伦理学：当代研究导论》是一部驭繁就简的杰作，让读者能够领略导向各种完备理论的那些引人入胜的哲学问题。
——马克·施罗德（Mark Schroeder），南加州大学
✨ 《元伦理学：当代研究导论》构思精巧，开篇阐述了推动当代元伦理学研究的三大核心目标：对伦理思考和言谈的主题提供某种可信的理解，对伦理的实践性进行解释，以及对伦理知识的可能性和本质予以说明。然后利用这些目标引出各种系统的元伦理学理论，从通常作为有益参照的简单观点到最有影响的当代进路，辨析其理据，评判其得失。这本书持论公允，启人深思，便于初学者研习，对元伦理学入门课程的学生和教师来说是一部不可多得的佳作。
——特里斯特拉姆·麦克弗森（Tristram McPherson），弗吉尼亚理工大学
✨ 马克·范·罗伊恩这本书在当今的同类著作中是首屈一指的。它精准地抓住了问题，对于各种重要的元伦理学立场所依据的那些关键论证，进行了同情的重构和公允的批评，通篇展现出作者对这一哲学领域博洽而深刻的认识。若要了解过去几十年来元伦理学的研究历程，这本书极有裨益，堪称杰作。
——拉斯·谢弗-兰多（Russ Shafer-Landau），威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校
-----------内容简介-----------
《元伦理学——当代研究导论》阐述了大多数元伦理学都要处理的一系列难题，可以给高年级本科生研习元伦理学奠定一个坚实的基础。这些难题涉及道德分歧、指称、道德认识论、形而上学和道德心理学。
为了应对这些难题，研究者们发展出了诸多元伦理学立场，本书作者马克·范·罗伊恩对这些立场做了深入探讨。对于初窥元伦理学的读者，范·罗伊恩还提出并回答了一些非常基本的问题，比如：什么是元伦理学，为什么研究元伦理学，鉴于元伦理学内在地充满争议性，我们如何着手进行讨论？本书各章的末尾均列有若干思考题，可以增进对文本的理解，也可以激发进一步的讨论，并且附有评论性的拓展阅读建议。

Metaethics: A Contemporary Introduction provides a solid foundation in metaethics for advanced undergraduates by introducing a series of puzzles that most metaethical theories address. These puzzles involve moral disagreement, reference, moral epistemology, metaphysics, and moral psychology. From there, author Mark van Roojen discusses the many positions in metaethics that people will take in reaction to these puzzles. Van Roojen asks several essential questions of his readers, namely: What is metaethics? Why study it? How does one discuss metaethics, given its inherently controversial nature? Each chapter closes with questions, both for reading comprehension and further discussion, and annotated suggestions for further reading.

《语言的逻辑句法》是卡尔纳普最重要的哲学著作，它系统阐述了卡尔纳普成熟期的基本哲学思想。该书德文版，出版于1934年，英文版出版于1937年，卡尔纳普在英文版序言中明确地说：“这个英文版包含了一些原始德文版中没有的章节”，此外“我还对有些地方做了补充和更正”，其中有些补充和更正很重要。
所谓语言的逻辑句法指的是对一种语言的语言形式的形式化理论的系统表述，亦即对约束语言的形式化规则以及根据规则所获得的后承的系统表述。逻辑句法的目标是提供一个概念系统，即提供一种语言，这种系统可以精确表述逻辑分析的结果。所以，本书试图提供的是一种以精确的句法方法为形式，解决科学逻辑诸多问题的必要工具。

本书源于2007年南希为里昂美术馆组织的一场名为“素描的愉悦”的画展。让-吕克•南希反思了素描本身，并把它作为一切可被冠以“形式”之名的艺术的范式，将它置于一个诞生的运动当中。此外，本书也讨论了弗洛伊德的快感理论与审美愉悦等问题。

In this book Bernard Williams delivers a sustained indictment of moral theory from Kant onward. His goal is nothing less than to reorient ethics toward the individual. He deals with the most thorny questions in contemporary philosophy and offers new ideas about issues such as relativism, objectivity, and the possibility of ethical knowledge.

Frankenstein's monster was born of human endeavour and 19th-century ignominious end but provided many lessons during his 24 years of plans and prototypes. Aramis, the guided-transportation system intended for Paris, represented a major advance in "personal rapid transit" - a system that combined the efficiency of a subway with the flexibility of the private automobile. But in the end, the system of electronic couplings proved too complex and expensive, the political will failed, and the plans were jettisoned in 1987. The story of Aramis, of its birth and death, is told here by several different parties, none of which is given precedence over any other: an engineer and his professor, who together act as "detectives" to ferret out the reasons for the project's failure; company executives and elected officials; a sociologist; and finally Aramis itself, who delivers a passionate plea on behalf of technological innovations that risk being abandoned by their makers. Technology has needs and desires, especially a desire to be born, but cannot function without the sustained commitment of those who have created it. Part novel and part sociological study, Bruno Latour has written a tale of a technological dream gone wrong. As the young engineer and professor follow Aramis's trail - conducting interviews, analyzing documents, assessing the evidence - perspectives keep shifting: the truth is revealed as multilayered, unascertainable, comprising an array of possibilities worthy of "Rasbomon". The reader is eventually led to see the project from the point of view of Aramis, and along the way gains insight into the relationship between human beings and their technological creations.

A scientist friend asked Bruno Latour point-blank: "Do you believe in reality?" Taken aback by this strange query, Latour offers his meticulous response in Pandora's Hope. It is a remarkable argument for understanding the reality of science in practical terms.In this book Latour, identified by Richard Rorty as the new "bête noire of the science worshipers," gives us his most philosophically informed book since Science in Action. Through case studies of scientists in the Amazon analyzing soil and in Pasteur's lab studying the fermentation of lactic acid, he shows us the myriad steps by which events in the material world are transformed into items of scientific knowledge. Through many examples in the world of technology, we see how the material and human worlds come together and are reciprocally transformed in this process.Why, Latour asks, did the idea of an independent reality, free of human interaction, emerge in the first place? His answer to this question, harking back to the debates between Might and Right narrated by Plato, points to the real stakes in the so-called science wars: the perplexed submission of ordinary people before the warring forces of claimants to the ultimate truth.

本书《技术与时间1.艾比米修斯的过失》是法国当今著名哲学家贝尔纳﹒斯蒂格勒的重要论著《技术与时间》的第一卷。作者在书中，综合以西蒙栋、吉尔和勒鲁瓦-古兰等学者的技术进化理论和以海德格尔为代表的生 存现象学理论，从人类固有的“缺陷存在”和“代具性”这两个品质出发，通过阐释希腊神话中普罗米修斯和爱比米修斯兄弟的故事，对技术与时间在人类本性中的作用和地位进行重 新讨论，从而建立技术与时间二者和人的本性之间新的关系。本书《技术与时间1.艾比米修斯的过失》作者对偏爱走极端的法国知识分子本身进行了剖析和批判，研是究法国现代思想史的重要参考资料，也是知识社会学的名著。在许多情况下，深刻的思想往往采取片面的姿态，左派的作品是这样，右派的作品也是如此。
作为德里达的继承人，斯蒂格勒在技术命运的哲学分析领域开始了一个转折。——戈里高利 沙东斯基

简介：
本书系法国当代哲学家贝尔纳·斯蒂格勒的论著《技术与时间》的第二卷。作者在书中从现代技术发展的角度，对人类之本提出了新的见解。对于“谁”逐渐被“什么”代管，人类原有的特定记忆、种族记忆及个体记忆逐渐被新生的机器记忆所取代的社会现状，进行了深刻反思。《迷失方向》正是迷失在技术浪潮中的现代人的真实写照。
目　录
前　言………………………………………………………………………………………………
第一章　拼写文字的时代…………………………………………………………………………
１．拼写、确正与照相……………………………………………………………………
２．照片的确凿性衔接过去与现实………………………………………………………
３．作为照片的曾经在此的衔接…………………………………………………………
４．历史与自爱……………………………………………………………………………
５．可见的时钟、延迟的镜子和客观的忧伤……………………………………………
６．不可名状………………………………………………………………………………
７．精确性、不确凿性与相关差异………………………………………………………
８．《会面》，一切运动的不动的动力…………………………………………………
９．无人依托的过去的形象………………………………………………………………
１０．厄科与那喀索斯——不属于任何人的无人称属性…………………………………
１１．潘朵拉，镀镜和矫形的无知功能……………………………………………………
１２．存在的代价、思维的奔忙、基督学及结晶学………………………………………
１３．西方的事故或补余的悖论……………………………………………………………
１４．技术的思维及与未来的关系…………………………………………………………
１５．确正与真理……………………………………………………………………………
１６．拼写的意向性…………………………………………………………………………
１７．确正，可重新活化与不可重新活化的条件…………………………………………
１８．拼写、共同体化及社会群体…………………………………………………………
１９．第三记忆，超越滞留有限性的不可能性条件及时间器具…………………………
２０．原始史时期的过渡……………………………………………………………………
２１．天才与奇迹……………………………………………………………………………
２２．诞生、孕育与科学……………………………………………………………………
２３．辅助记忆的必要性……………………………………………………………………
２４．论背景…………………………………………………………………………………
２５．拼写文字的准则与存在的历史………………………………………………………
２６．当今……………………………………………………………………………………
第二章　迷惑的生成………………………………………………………………………………
１．滞留有限性及“什么”的动力………………………………………………………
２．种族进化、记忆载体及程序文字……………………………………………………
３．时代与程序……………………………………………………………………………
４．作为二次中断重复的选择：文码、同一性及差异性………………………………
５．“什么是在思维中定向？”——在已经在此中定向………………………………
６．程序与美学……………………………………………………………………………
７．风格的标志与不确实性程序…………………………………………………………
８．对时空的钟爱、技术趋势及节律……………………………………………………
９．速度、程序及节律……………………………………………………………………
１０．居住环境、技术趋势和非共同体化…………………………………………………
１１．从神话文字到确正文字，速度与思维………………………………………………
１２．新的偏差………………………………………………………………………………
第三章　记忆的工业化……………………………………………………………………………
１．滞留有限性的工业综合………………………………………………………………
２．信息系统………………………………………………………………………………
３．信息网络………………………………………………………………………………
４．网络、权力与知识……………………………………………………………………
５．信息与文字……………………………………………………………………………
６．模拟—数字仪器………………………………………………………………………
７．事件化…………………………………………………………………………………
８．“实时”、事件与历史………………………………………………………………
９．实时与政治……………………………………………………………………………
１０．载体、复制、处理及存档……………………………………………………………
１１．非共同体化……………………………………………………………………………
１２．信息与知识……………………………………………………………………………
１３．速度、紧迫性及风险…………………………………………………………………
１４．记忆与政治……………………………………………………………………………
１５．生物综合，做就是说…………………………………………………………………
１６．“认识”科学…………………………………………………………………………
１７．相关差异同一性的问题：谁编程什么？……………………………………………
第四章　时间物体和滞留有限性…………………………………………………………………
１．意向性、图像意识和“认识”有限性………………………………………………
２．《内在时间意识的现象学讲座》源于《逻辑研究》………………………………
３．时间物体的现象学分析和向内在时间意识过渡的内在性的发现…………………
４．原初联想、助产术与爱比米修斯原则………………………………………………
５．流体力学和流程动力学，声音个体化及空间比喻…………………………………
６．过渡、漩涡与调转方向………………………………………………………………
７．遗产……………………………………………………………………………………
８．图灵机器关联物的回声………………………………………………………………
９．可见的时钟之时刻……………………………………………………………………
１０．图像意识、记忆丧失及重新开始的自由……………………………………………
１１．重新建构、留声机这种模拟的时间物体的指向和脚………………………………
１２．事件化，滞留切实的出错可能性……………………………………………………
１３．脆弱与回溯，作为“我们”的“谁”的延迟可能性………………………………
１４．流程的剪接……………………………………………………………………………
１５．历史、期待的回溯性及延迟的时间…………………………………………………
１６．体验流的初级记忆与第二记忆的统一性和非体验的第三记忆的曾经存在………
１７．现象学的困境…………………………………………………………………………
１８．《几何学起源》之几何的爱比米修斯原则…………………………………………
１９．技术的相关差…………………………………………………………………………
２０．程度工业的时间物体…………………………………………………………………
中法概念性词汇对照表……………………………………………………………………………
中法人名对照表……………………………………………………………………………………
译后记………………………………………………………………………………………………

《技术与时间：3.电影的时间与存在之痛的问题》是贝尔纳·斯蒂格勒在德里达指导下所写的博士论文的第三卷，被认为是20世纪末法国哲学界最有影响力的著作之一。
《技术与时间：3.电影的时间与存在之痛的问题》描述了现代科学技术，尤其是视听技术的飞速发展给人的广义上的“存在”所造成的重大负面影响。
作为德里达的继承人，斯蒂格勒在技术命运的哲学分析领域开启了一个转折。——格里高利·沙东斯基
为了摆脱技术霸权，斯蒂格勒认为除了公共权力的积极介入外别无他法。如果让数字技术与其强大的能力在社会化的进程中与金融资本主义携手，那就意味着向政治妥协。——加布里埃尔·梅仑贝尔热

◆尼采作品的绝佳导读，忠于文本的扎实研究
◆师从胡塞尔和海德格尔的著名德国哲学家卡尔·洛维特
以细致入微的文本分析，探知尼采作品中从未被揭示的体系
···
【内容简介】
尼采是一个伟大的思想家，还是一个蹩脚的诗人？尼采的学说预言了虚无主义的来临，还是对虚无主义的超越？尼采的永恒轮回与权力意志之间，是否存在着巨大的断裂？本书收录洛维特关于尼采的全部重要作品，一部代表性专著《尼采的相同者的永恒轮回哲学》，九篇极具洞见的哲学论文，以及对于1934—1964年间主要的尼采研究作品的精彩评述。洛维特通过细致的文本分析，揭示尼采哲学中起统一作用的基本思想，拆解缠绕在尼采周围的各种迷思。
洛维特认为，尼采的哲学既不是一种统一的封闭体系，也不是自相矛盾的零散格言，而是一个体现在格言中的体系，并且只有在作为尼采的最后一个冒险试验的永恒轮回学说中，尼采的各种尝试的成果才以一种体系性的连贯性，一起构成了一种学说。在尼采的永恒轮回学说中，人经历了从“你应该”走向“我意愿”，再从“我意愿”走向“我是”的双重变形，并且在最后的变形中，人对虚无的意志颠倒为对永恒轮回的意愿。
···
【编辑推荐】
◆本书作者卡尔·洛维特是德国的著名哲学家，师从胡塞尔和海德格尔，而他博士论文研究的对象正是尼采。对于尼采的研究横跨他的整个学术生涯，长达四十年。对于喜爱尼采的大众读者或研究者，洛维特的研究是不可或缺的。
◆本书译自德语版《卡尔·洛维特全集（尼采卷）》，收录了洛维特关于尼采的所有重要作品，其中就包括二十多万字的代表作——《尼采的相同者的永恒轮回哲学》。第二部分包含《克尔恺郭尔和尼采》《尼采，我们时代的哲学家》等名篇。第三部分收录了洛维特对于1934—1964年间主要的尼采研究作品的评述，是很精彩的书评和研究综述。
◆本书对尼采前中后期的作品都有述评，是一本很好的尼采入门指南。洛维特特别对尼采最重要的作品——《查拉图斯特拉如是说》进行了细致的文本分析，并将该书中的观点与尼采其他作品中的观点进行比较分析，对于想从这本书入手读尼采，同时又对尼采有整体了解的读者，本书是不二之选。此外，洛维特对于尼采与克尔恺郭尔的比较，充满洞见，非常精彩。
◆洛维特认为，尼采的哲学既不是一种统一的封闭体系，也不是自相矛盾的零散格言，而是一个体现在格言中的体系。因此洛维特从一条条格言入手，像一个经验丰富的老侦探，领着读者找到串起尼采作品的那条若隐若现的线索。这让本书在众多尼采研究作品中显得异常独特，对大众读者和专业研究者都大有裨益。

本书以回溯的方法探究近代历史哲学的形成。近代西方的社会历史是一个世俗化的过程，近代历史学学论述与之相应，则是一个历史思想的世俗化过程。该书的主题就可以说是解析西方历史思想的世俗化过程。洛维特认为，作为历史思想的世俗化的现代历史主义并不是十八世纪的产物，中世纪后期，对救赎历史的**目的持末世论圣经信仰的历史神学已有近代历史哲学的端倪。近代历史哲学的思想架构取自基督教历史神学，但颠倒了历史神学的历史道义论。洛维特的这种观点是要说明，二十世纪的众多政治事件及时世俗的，又具有神圣的特征，因为近代的世俗化历史观并非是纯此世性的，它寻求的历史中的道义具有超世性。

"Funkenstein's powerful essay belongs to that genre of intellectual history which has addressed itself to... the metaphysical foundations of modern science. As such, it is almost exclusively concerned with affinities and tensions between ideas. And traced they are with consummate skill... Liberation from naive conceptions of historical continuity gives Funkenstein leave to concentrate on a finely nuanced exegesis of those philosophers who fall within his purview. The result is a work of discernment and distinction."--J. H. Brooke, The Times Higher Education Supplement