Modern philosophy of science has paid great attention to the understanding of scientific "practice, " in contrast to the earlier concentration on scientific "method." Paul Feyerabend's acclaimed work, which has contributed greatly to this new emphasis, shows the deficiencies of some widespread ideas about the nature of knowledge. He argues that the only feasible explanations of scientific successes are historical explanations, and that anarchism must now replace rationalism in the theory of knowledge.

In this volume, Maher contextualizes the work of a group of contemporary analytic philosophers-The Pittsburgh School-whose work is characterized by an interest in the history of philosophy and a commitment to normative functionalism, or the insight that to identify something as a manifestation of conceptual capacities is to place it in a space of norms. Wilfrid Sellars claimed that humans are distinctive because they occupy a norm-governed "space of reasons." Along with Sellars, Robert Brandom and John McDowell have tried to work out the implications of that idea for understanding knowledge, thought, norms, language, and intentional action. The aim of this book is to introduce their shared views on those topics, while also charting a few key disputes between them.

Modern philosophy finds it difficult to give a satisfactory picture of the place of minds in the world. In "Mind and World", based on the 1991 John Locke Lectures, John McDowell offers his diagnosis of this difficulty and points to a cure. He illustrates a major problem of modern philosophy - the insidious persistence of dualism - in his discussion of empirical thought. Much as we would like to conceive empirical thought as rationally grounded in experience, pitfalls await anyone who tries to articulate this position, and McDowell exposes these traps by exploiting the work of contemporary philosophers from Wilfrid Sellars to Donald Davidson. These difficulties, he contends, reflect an understandable - but surmountable - failure to see how we might integrate what Sellars calls "the logical space of reasons" into the natural world. What underlies this impasse is a conception of nature that has certain attractions for the modern age, a conception that McDowell proposes to put aside, thus circumventing these philosophical difficulties. By returning to a pre-modern conception of nature but retaining the intellectual advance of modernity that has mistakenly been viewed as dislodging it, he makes room for a fully satisfying conception of experience as a rational openness to independent reality. This approach also overcomes other obstacles that impede a generally satisfying understanding of how we are placed in the world.

The most important work by one of America's greatest twentieth-century philosophers, Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind is both the epitome of Wilfrid Sellars' entire philosophical system and a key document in the history of philosophy. First published in essay form in 1956, it helped bring about a sea change in analytic philosophy. It broke the link, which had bound Russell and Ayer to Locke and Hume--the doctrine of "knowledge by acquaintance." Sellars' attack on the Myth of the Given in Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind was a decisive move in turning analytic philosophy away from the foundationalist motives of the logical empiricists and raised doubts about the very idea of "epistemology."
With an introduction by Richard Rorty to situate the work within the history of recent philosophy, and with a study guide by Robert Brandom, this publication of Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind makes a difficult but indisputably significant figure in the development of analytic philosophy clear and comprehensible to anyone who would understand that philosophy or its history.

Translated and with an Introduction by Daniel W. Smith
Afterword by Tom Conley
Gilles Deleuze had several paintings by Francis Bacon hanging in his Paris apartment, and the painter’s method and style as well as his motifs of seriality, difference, and repetition influenced Deleuze’s work. This first English translation shows us one of the most original and important French philosophers of the twentieth century in intimate confrontation with one of that century’s most original and important painters.
In considering Bacon, Deleuze offers implicit and explicit insights into the origins and development of his own philosophical and aesthetic ideas, ideas that represent a turning point in his intellectual trajectory. First published in French in 1981, Francis Bacon has come to be recognized as one of Deleuze’s most significant texts in aesthetics. Anticipating his work on cinema, the baroque, and literary criticism, the book can be read not only as a study of Bacon’s paintings but also as a crucial text within Deleuze’s broader philosophy of art.
In it, Deleuze creates a series of philosophical concepts, each of which relates to a particular aspect of Bacon’s paintings but at the same time finds a place in the “general logic of sensation.” Illuminating Bacon’s paintings, the nonrational logic of sensation, and the act of painting itself, this work—presented in lucid and nuanced translation—also points beyond painting toward connections with other arts such as music, cinema, and literature. Francis Bacon is an indispensable entry point into the conceptual proliferation of Deleuze’s philosophy as a whole.
Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995) was professor of philosophy at the University of Paris, Vincennes–St. Denis. He coauthored Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus with Félix Guattari. These works, as well as Cinema 1, Cinema 2, The Fold, Proust and Signs, and others, are published in English by Minnesota.
Daniel W. Smith teaches in the Department of Philosophy at Purdue University.

This brilliant exposition of the critique of identity is a classic in contemporary philosophy and one of Deleuze's most important works. Of fundamental importance to literary critics and philosophers,Difference and Repetition develops two central concepts--pure difference and complex repetition--a;and shows how the two concepts are related. While difference implies divergence and decentering, repetition is associated with displacement and disguising. Central in initiating the shift in French thought away from Hegel and Marx toward Nietzsche and Freud, Difference and Repetition moves deftly to establish a fundamental critique of Western metaphysics.

Considered one of the most important works of one of France's foremost philosophers, and long-awaited in English, The Logic of Sense begins with an extended exegesis of Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland. Considering stoicism, language, games, sexuality, schizophrenia, and literature, Deleuze determines the status of meaning and meaninglessness, and seeks the 'place' where sense and nonsense collide. Written in an innovative form and witty style, The Logic of Sense is an essay in literary and psychoanalytic theory as well as philosophy, and helps to illuminate such works as Anti-Oedipus.

在西方哲学的晚近发展中，匹兹堡学派是极富原创性的当代美国哲学流派，对它的研究具有很高的理论意义和学术价值。孙宁的《匹兹堡学派研究：塞拉斯、麦克道威尔、布兰顿》通过一系列相互支撑和相互指涉的研究较为完整地呈现了匹兹堡学派的整体思想图景，并界定它在西方哲学史中的具体位置。该书试图在技术性探讨中同时保留一种思想史的取向，即在德国观念论、古典实用主义、新实用主义、分析哲学、心灵哲学等众多线索中整理出一条属于匹兹堡学派的独特叙事。

Understood one way, the branch of contemporary philosophical ethics that goes by the label "metaethics" concerns certain second-order questions about ethics--questions not in ethics, but rather ones about our thought and talk about ethics, and how the ethical facts fit into reality. Analogously, the branch of contemporary philosophy of law that is often called "general jurisprudence" deals with certain second-order questions about law--questions not in the law, but rather ones about our thought and talk about the law, and how legal facts fit into reality. Put more roughly, metaethics concerns a range of foundational questions about ethics, whereas general jurisprudence concerns analogous questions about law. As these characterizations suggest, the two sub-disciplines have much in common, and could be thought to run parallel to each other. Yet, the connections between the two are currently mostly ignored by philosophers, or at least under-scrutinized. The new essays collected in this volume are aimed at changing this state of affairs. The volume collects together works by metaethicists and legal philosophers that address a number of issues that are of common interest, with the goal of accomplishing a new rapprochement between metaethics and jurisprudence.

Love without risk is an impossibility, like war without death. Caught between consumerism and casual sexual encounters devoid of passion, love today - without the key ingredient of chance - is in mortal danger. Alain Badiou proposes a vision of love as an adventure of the individual.

Liberal and libertine reductions of love to instant pleasure and non-commitment bite the dust as Badiou invokes a supporting cast of thinkers from Plato to Lacan via Karl Marx to create a new narrative of romance, relationships and sex - one that does not fear love.

What is the mind? Is consciousness a process in the brain? How do our minds represent the world?

Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings is a grand tour of writings on these and other perplexing questions about the nature of the mind. The most comprehensive collection of its kind, the book includes sixty-three selections that range from the classical contributions of Descartes to the leading edge of contemporary debates. Extensive sections cover foundational issues, the nature of consciousness, and the nature of mental content. Three of the selections are published here for the first time, while many other articles have been revised especially for this volume. Each section opens with an introduction by the editor. Philosophy of Mind is suitable for students at all levels and also for general readers.

人们往往认为，科学具有从低级到高级的进步阶序，科学发展有赖于学者在前人的研究成果上不断推进。但法国哲学家加斯东·巴什拉认为，科学的历史并非线性进步，如果我们仔细观察，会发现其中充满了断裂。
在《科学精神的形成》这部经典作品中，巴什拉用精神分析的方式呈现了科学精神的明与暗：一面是被科学家奉为正统的“科学史”，另一面则是在科学活动中仍有影响力，却被否定或压制的“非科学”因素。通过打捞出被正统科学史压制的无声知识，巴什拉让读者看到，在貌似客观中立的“科学”中，来自语言、文化、历史的偏见，会以“认识论障碍”的形式一直影响人类的心灵。

本书是巴什拉关于四种基本元素，火、水、气、土研究的第四部。书分为三部分，第一部分，主要讨论土地中硬与软的形象，第二部分考察较少想象的形象，如岩石和石化的某些形象。第二部分，讨论了庇护所的形象，如房子，肚腹，洞穴。在对洞穴的文学形象的阐述中，本书考察了一个更为深层、较少被想象的潜意识层。并以迷宫为标题，将最为惊粟、最为迂回、而较少想象的梦，其与更为广阔的憩息之梦呼照对应。第三部分，通过蛇（迷宫动物）和根（迷宫植物）的例子，讨论了所有迂回运动的动态形象。最后通过对酒和炼金士的葡萄树的讨论，希望指出：什么是一个具体的遐想，一个将最为众多的意义付于实际的遐想。最终想说明的是，想象并不必然就是一个游弋不定的行为，而是与此相反，当它关注于一个被选定的形象中时，它找到了其所有的力量。

《汉译经典043:人的现象》是德日进全面论述其进化论思想的代表作。德日进打破了各学科之间的界限，把宇宙的全部演变过程作为一个有机整体加以探讨。宇宙的历史是一部从低级到高级的进化的历史：物质不断复杂，意识不断强大，从物质现象发展到生命现象，最终出现了人以及人的思想——人的现象。

At last available in paperback, this book anticipates and explains the post-structuralist turn to empiricism. Presenting a challenging reading of David Hume's philosophy, the work is invaluable for understanding the progress of Deleuze's thought.

This is a Reader's Guide to arguably Deleuze's most demanding work and a key text in modern European thought.Gilles Deleuze is without question one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century. "Difference and Repetition" is a classic work of contemporary philosophy and a key text in Deleuze's oeuvre, a brilliant exposition of the critique of identity that develops two key concepts: pure difference and complex repetition. "Deleuze's 'Difference and Repetition': A Reader's Guide" offers a concise and accessible introduction to this hugely important and yet notoriously demanding work. Written specifically to meet the needs of students coming to Deleuze for the first time, the book offers guidance on: Philosophical and historical context; Key themes; Reading the text; Reception and influence; And, further reading."Continuum Reader's Guides" are clear, concise and accessible introductions to key texts in literature and philosophy. Each book explores the themes, context, criticism and influence of key works, providing a practical introduction to close reading, guiding students towards a thorough understanding of the text. They provide an essential, up-to-date resource, ideal for undergraduate students.

在本書中，伊利亞德論證了神聖與世俗從本質上說即是人類生命存在的兩種基本形式或者方式，他以神聖與世俗的樣式剪裁了古代社會中的一切行為和觀念、時間、空間、節目、勞動、生活、居住、婚育、人會式……，這種神聖與世俗的樣式在伊利亞德那裡幾乎成了一種方法論，用來說明歷史，也解讀神話 ，用來分析一切神聖的現象，也用來說明所有世俗的生