哲学
Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact 豆瓣
作者: Ludwik Fleck 译者: Fred Bradley / Thaddeus J. Trenn University Of Chicago Press 1981 - 8
Originally published in German in 1935, this monograph anticipated solutions to problems of scientific progress, the truth of scientific fact and the role of error in science now associated with the work of Thomas Kuhn and others. Arguing that every scientific concept and theory--including his own--is culturally conditioned, Fleck was appreciably ahead of his time. And as Kuhn observes in his foreword, "Though much has occurred since its publication, it remains a brilliant and largely unexploited resource."
"To many scientists just as to many historians and philosophers of science facts are things that simply are the case: they are discovered through properly passive observation of natural reality. To such views Fleck replies that facts are invented, not discovered. Moreover, the appearance of scientific facts as discovered things is itself a social construction, a "made" thing. A work of transparent brilliance, one of the most significant contributions toward a thoroughly sociological account of scientific knowledge."--Steven Shapin, "Science"
护教篇 豆瓣
作者: [古罗马]德尔图良 译者: 涂世华 商务印书馆 2012 - 6
《护教篇》共收有德尔图良的五篇护教著作:“护教篇”、“论偶像崇拜”、“论戏剧”、“论花环”和“致斯卡普拉”。这五篇可以基本代表德尔图良在护教学上所取得的辉煌成就。“护教篇”是早期基督教文献中的伟大经典著作之一。
解体概要 豆瓣
Précis de décomposition
8.8 (69 个评分) 作者: [法国] E·M·齐奥朗 译者: 宋刚 浙江大学出版社 2010 - 9
本书是萧沆的代表作,以片段写作的方式,呈现了真实的人生经验,它会破坏你我所有的信念,从心灵到肉体、从宗教到哲学、从出生到终结,任何既定想法,都会在这本书的阅读过程中,全面解体。本书是萧沆的第一部法文作品,被认为“足令法文增辉”,并获法国里瓦罗尔(RIVAROL)奖。
眼泪与圣徒 豆瓣 Goodreads
Lacrimi și Sfinți
8.7 (54 个评分) 作者: [法] E. M. 齐奥朗 译者: 沙湄 商务印书馆 2014 - 1
罗马尼亚,1930年代中叶,齐奥朗已然是新生代知识分子心目中的明星作家。他长时间泡在一座特兰西瓦尼亚图书馆里孜孜研读圣徒传记。这位当代的圣徒传作者,“梦想”自己是“这些坠落于天堂与地狱之间(圣徒的)年代记编者,他们内心激情的知己,为上帝而失眠者的历史学家”。在尼采《善恶的彼岸》启发之下,齐奥朗“探寻眼泪的起源”。他自问是否圣徒“会是眼泪那苦涩之光的源头”。
本书于1937年首次出版于罗马尼亚。“有谁知道?”他在书中第一段写道,“可以肯定的是,泪水是他们的踪迹。泪水并非透过圣徒进入这个世界,但若没有圣徒,我们就永远不会明白自己是因为渴念失乐园而哭泣。”“一个人是怎样弃绝自己并走上成圣之路的?”这是齐奥朗的疑问,也是《眼泪与圣徒》这部记录的起点。
齐奥朗关注的并非传统圣徒传中因德性而受崇拜的殉道者和英雄,而是以灵性高度著称的神秘主义者,——首先是女性神秘主义者,他们拥有关于上帝的私密知识,导致又一场“绝对在历史中爆发”。他们中的许多人都留下了经典之作,如埃克哈特大师,圣加大利纳·锡耶纳,圣女大德兰和圣十架约翰。
《眼泪与圣徒》是齐奥朗“在朝圣路上半途而废的挣扎记录”。在对宗教与信仰反复的拷问下,齐奥朗完成了对自己的精神放逐。
知识和社会意象 豆瓣
作者: (英)大卫·布鲁尔 2014 - 4
本书是当代西方著名社会学家、科学知识社会学的创始人之一和最主要的理论代表大卫•布鲁尔的第一部理论专著,同时也是其最主要的学术著作和科学知识社会学最重要的理论经典著作。作者通过此书提出了科学知识社会学的“强纲领”理论,强调指出包括数学、逻辑学等所谓严格精确的科学在内的一切科学知识,不论其是真是假、是合理还是不合理、是取得了成功还是遭到了失败,都应当而且可以进行社会学上的描述和分析,因为所有这些知识都和人文、社会学科知识一样是由社会建构的,都因此而具有包括文化相对性在内的各种相对性。这些理论观点和学术探索进一步推进了知识社会学的研究进程,对国内读者全面深入地了解知识社会学、更加深入地理解知识与社会的相互关系和相互作用,具有不可或缺的重要意义。
编辑推荐
大卫·布鲁尔编著的《知识和社会意象》提出的论证的科学知识社会学的“强纲领”,通过系统论述科学知识的社会起源和社会维度、强调科学研究的反身性,对这些问题进行了有理有据的回答;它不仅使作者本人成为这个理论阵营的主帅,也使自身变成了当今知识社会学界最重要的经典著作之一。
Simians, Cyborgs, and Women 豆瓣
作者: Donna Haraway Routledge 1990
Donna Haraway analyses accounts, narratives, and stories of the creation of nature, living organisms, and cyborgs (cybernetic components); showing how deeply cultural assumptions penetrate into allegedly value-neutral medical research.
确定性的终结 豆瓣
End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the New Laws of Nature
作者: [比] 伊利亚·普里戈金 译者: 湛敏 上海科技教育出版社 2009 - 6
时间,我们存在的基本维度,令艺术家、哲学家和科学家为之陶醉。如今,普里戈金在这本书中向广大读者呈现的,是他与自然之经典描述的彻底决裂。他通过考察西方的时间观,引导我们经历一种奇妙的智力探险——从古希腊出发,经过牛顿轨道和确定性混沌,到达量子理论与“免费午餐”宇宙学统一表述的高度。这本分水岭式的著作表明,一种全新的科学与文化之自然法则诞生了。
The Force of Truth 豆瓣
作者: Daniele Lorenzini 译者: Daniele Lorenzini University of Chicago Press 2023 - 9
A groundbreaking examination of Michel Foucault’s history of truth.
Many blame Michel Foucault for our post-truth and conspiracy-laden society, but Daniele Lorenzini argues that such criticism misunderstands the philosopher’s work: Foucault did not question truth itself but what Lorenzini calls “the force of truth,” or how some truth claims are given the power to govern our conduct while others are not. This interest, Lorenzini shows, drove Foucault not to attack truth but to articulate a new ethics and politics of truth-telling. The Force of Truth explores this dimension of Foucault’s work by putting his writings on regimes of truth and parrhesia in conversation with early analytic philosophy and by drawing out the “possibilizing” elements of Foucault’s genealogies that remain vital for practicing critique today.
Deleuze 豆瓣
作者: Zourabichvili, Francois 2012 - 8
This is a new translation of two essential works on Deleuze, written by one of his contemporaries. From the publication of "Deleuze: A Philosophy of the Event" to his untimely death in 2006, Francois Zourabichvili was regarded as one of the most important new voices of contemporary philosophy in France. His work continues to make an essential contribution to Deleuze scholarship today. This edition makes two of Zourabichvili's most important writings on the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze available in a single volume. "A Philosophy of the Event" (1994) is an exposition of Deleuze's philosophy as a whole, while the complementary "The Vocabulary of Deleuze" (2003) approaches Deleuze's work through an analysis of key concepts in a dictionary form. Key features: singles out the three most controversial questions in debates surrounding Deleuze's philosophy today: univocity, creative vitalism and the event and with an introduction by Gregg Lambert and Daniel W. Smith, two of the world's leading commentators on Deleuze.
反对方法 豆瓣
作者: (美)保罗·法伊尔阿本德 译者: 周昌忠 上海译文出版社 2007 - 8
本书是当代美国著名科学哲学家保罗·法伊尔阿本德的代表作。作者激烈抨击唯理主义科学方法论的主要倾向,论证说最成功的科学研究从来不是按照理性方法进行的,不应要求科学家遵奉某一种方法论从事科学活动,而应以知识论无政府主义取代理性主义,充分发挥科学家的独创性,倡导著名的“怎么都行”的方法论原则。本书观点独特,自成一家,在西方学术界影响甚大。
Science, Truth, and Democracy 豆瓣
作者: Philip Kitcher Oxford University Press 2003 - 9
Striving to boldly redirect the philosophy of science, this book by renowned philosopher Philip Kitcher examines the heated debate surrounding the role of science in shaping our lives. Kitcher explores the sharp divide between those who believe that the pursuit of scientific knowledge is always valuable and necessary--the purists--and those who believe that it invariably serves the interests of people in positions of power. In a daring turn, he rejects both perspectives, working out a more realistic image of the sciences--one that allows for the possibility of scientific truth, but nonetheless permits social consensus to determine which avenues to investigate. He then proposes a democratic and deliberative framework for responsible scientists to follow.
Controversial, powerful, yet engaging, this volume will appeal to a wide range of readers. Kitcher's nuanced analysis and authoritative conclusion will interest countless scientists as well as all readers of science--scholars and laypersons alike.
無權勢者的力量 豆瓣 谷歌图书 Goodreads
The Power of the Powerless
9.6 (15 个评分) 作者: 哈維爾(Vaclav Havel) 译者: 羅永生 蜂鳥出版 2021 - 6
1991年基进出版社羅永生译本重版出来!
在謊言充斥的世界,真相就是一種威脅;在黑暗之中,磊落真誠地生活就是反抗;活成一個有尊嚴的人,就是所有政治力量的基礎。無權勢者的力量,微小但確切地照亮了黑暗。
The Power of the Powerless 豆瓣 Goodreads
Moc bezmocných
10.0 (7 个评分) 作者: Vaclav Havel / John Keane Routledge 1985 - 6
The Power of the Powerless (Czech: Moc bezmocných) is an expansive political essay written in October 1978 by the Czech dramatist, political dissident and later politician, Václav Havel. The essay dissects the nature of the communist regime of the time, life within such a regime and how by their very nature such regimes can create dissidents of ordinary citizens. The essay goes on to discuss ideas and possible actions by loose communities of individuals linked by a common cause, such as Charter 77. Officially suppressed, the essay was circulated in samizdat form and translated into multiple languages. It became a manifesto for dissent in Czechoslovakia, Poland and other communist regimes.
Without Criteria 豆瓣
作者: Steven Shaviro The MIT Press 2009 - 5
In Without Criteria, Steven Shaviro proposes and explores a philosophical fantasy: imagine a world in which Alfred North Whitehead takes the place of Martin Heidegger. What if Whitehead, instead of Heidegger, had set the agenda for postmodern thought? Heidegger asks, "Why is there something, rather than nothing?" Whitehead asks, "How is it that there is always something new?" In a world where everything from popular music to DNA is being sampled and recombined, argues Shaviro, Whitehead's question is the truly urgent one. Without Criteria is Shaviro's experiment in rethinking postmodern theory, especially the theory of aesthetics, from a point of view that hearkens back to Whitehead rather than Heidegger. In working through the ideas of Whitehead and Deleuze, Shaviro also appeals to Kant, arguing that certain aspects of Kant's thought pave the way for the philosophical "constructivism" embraced by both Whitehead and Deleuze. Kant, Whitehead, and Deleuze are not commonly grouped together, but the juxtaposition of them in Without Criteria helps to shed light on a variety of issues that are of concern to contemporary art and media practices.
日本现代文学的起源 豆瓣
日本近代文学の起源
9.3 (22 个评分) 作者: [日] 柄谷行人 译者: 赵京华 生活·读书·新知三联书店 2003 - 1
《日本现代文学的起源》并非学院派式的文学史专著,而是理论批评随笔的结集。1980年出版之后,至今已再版25次,成为后现代批评经典著作。作者通过对文学现代性的批判来剖解现性,分别探讨“风景”、“内心”“自白”、“病态”、“儿童”及“叙述方法”等日本现代文学独有特性的形成过程,挖掘文学现代性的起源提示现代文学与现代民族国家的共生关系。
现代文学一旦确立了自身,其起源便被忘却。忘却的结果就使得人们相信这一文学的基本观念具有历史普遍性,这一普遍性也就获得了不证自明的霸权地位,由此排斥任何“非现代性”的事物,对任何前现代的事物进行肆意的分割、颠倒和重组。
Theory and Reality 豆瓣
作者: Peter Godfrey-Smith University of Chicago Press 2003 - 8
What makes science different from other ways of investigating the world? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith uses debates--such as the problem of confirmation, the new riddle of induction, and the problem of scientific realism--as a way to introduce, in a completely accessible way, the main themes in the philosophy of science. Intended for undergraduates and general readers with no prior background in philosophy, Theory and Reality starts by surveying the last hundred years of work in the field. It covers logical positivism; induction and confirmation; Karl Popper's theory of science; Thomas Kuhn and "scientific revolutions"; the radical views of Imre Lakatos, Larry Laudan, and Paul Feyerabend; and challenges to the field from sociology of science, feminism, and science studies. The book then looks in detail at some of the broader philosophical issues at stake, such as philosophical naturalism, scientific realism, theories of explanation in science, Bayesianism, and other modern theories of evidence. Finally, Godfrey-Smith presents his own proposal for approaching the philosophy of science. Throughout the text he points out connections between philosophical debates and wider discussions about science in recent decades, such as the infamous "science wars." Examples and asides engage the beginning student, a glossary of terms explains key concepts, and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates in language that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow.
意义的逻辑 豆瓣
作者: [法] 吉尔·德勒兹 译者: 董树宝 上海文艺出版社
本书由34篇悖论系列构成,附有5篇论文,是德勒兹最重要的著作之一。德勒兹经由古代悖论与现代悖论确定意义与无意义的地位,探寻意义与无意义冲突的场所,探讨事件哲学与生成哲学、内在性平面与无器官身体、时间的神话构想、游戏等论题。本书在德勒兹的思想体系中占据着极其关键的地位,以其创新的形式与机智的风格横贯文学理论、哲学研究、语言学、精神分析、精神分裂分析、游戏等众多领域。
资本论 豆瓣
作者: [德] 卡尔·马克思 译者: 曾令先 / 卞彬 2011 - 3
《决定经典005·资本论(全新修订版)》是西方哲学大体系缔造者中的最后一个人——卡尔·马克思经济学说中最主要的著作,同时也是马克思主义的重要百科全书,更是研究资本主义社会经济形态的巅峰之作。
《资本论》创造了一个崭新的思想体系。其研究世界的方法源于德国哲学、早期社会主义理论和政治经济学。马克思像黑格尔一样,相信能够用一个辩证法公式概括人类的进化历程。他认为,所有哲学家所做的一切都在于致力于解释世界,但他同时认为,问题的关键在于如何改变世界。他在黑格尔辩证法的基础之上,颠覆了传统的“形而上学”,建立了一个现实中得意实践的最大的思想体系,一个影响到地球50%以上人口的体系。
恩格斯说:“自地球上有资本家和工人以来,没有一本书像我们面前这本那样,对于劳动者具有如此重要的意义。资本和劳动的关系,是我们现代社会全部体系所赖以旋转的轴心。这种关系在这里第一次作了科学的说明,而这种说明之透彻和精辟,只有一个德国人才能做到——这个人就是马克思,他攀登到最高点,将现代社会关系的全部领域一览无遗。”
科学革命的结构 豆瓣 Goodreads
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
8.2 (11 个评分) 作者: [美国] 托马斯·库恩 译者: 金吾伦 / 胡新和 北京大学出版社 2004 - 1
“作者认为:自然科学的发展除了按常规科学一点一滴地积累之外,还必然要出现“科学革命”。科学革命不仅仅使科学的面貌焕然一新,而且还会引起人们世界观的变革。”
诗学 豆瓣
9.2 (43 个评分) 作者: [古希腊] 亚里士多德 译者: 陈中梅 商务印书馆 1996 - 7
《诗学》立论精辟,内容深刻,虽然篇幅不长,但气度不小,无疑是一篇有分量、有深度的大家之作。《诗学》探讨了一系列值得重视的理论问题,如人的天性与艺术摹仿的关系,构成悲剧艺术的成分,悲剧的功用,情节的组合,悲剧和史诗的异同,等等。《诗学》提出的某些观点――如情节是对行动的摹仿的观点和诗评不应套用评论政治的标准的观点――在当时具有可贵的创新意义。这篇不朽的著作集中地反映了一种新的、比较成熟的诗学思想的精华。
《诗学》强调了诗的“自我完善”,却没有提及希腊悲剧的起源和发展的宗教背景,也忽略了悲剧的存在、兴盛和趋于衰落的社会原因。悲剧人物固然应对自己的抉择(或决定)和行动负责,但在某些作品里,命运(moira)的制约或神的催动是导致悲剧性结局的重要原因。《诗学》对此没有给予应有的重视。《诗学》肯定了艺术在开发人的心智方面所起的积极作用,但认为这种作用主要体现在使人“认出了某某人”――作者放弃了一个极好的从理论上阐述和论证艺术摹仿有益于深化人对自我以及客观世界的认识的机会。